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History- my cards > Trade Unions > Flashcards

Trade Unions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the factors for the ‘Growth of Trade Unions’ essay?

A

Factory system
Government policies
Protection for workers
External factors

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2
Q

What are the factors for the ‘Failure of Trade Unions’ essay?

A

Organisation- early trade unions
Organisation- grand national
Strikes & knobsticks
Government oppression

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3
Q

What are the factors for the ‘Successes of Trade Unions’ essay?

A

Early unions
Grand National
New model unions
TUC

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4
Q

What is a knobstick? (under strikes & knobsticks factor)

A

A worker who refused to strike due to financial reasons. Often Irish and desperate for work.
They were accused of undermining the movement & sometimes attacked.

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5
Q

Reasons for growth of trade unions 18th century? (under protection for workers factor) (under strikes & knobsticks factor)

A

Increased industrialisation
Laissez faire policies
Collective action over smaller action

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6
Q

When were there major strikes by cotton spinners in Lancashire? (under protection for workers factor)

A

1810 (4 months) & 1818 (spread to other industries & only ended when members were arrested)

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7
Q

When was the Grand national created and how many members? (under protection for workers factor)

A

1834

Over 1 million

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8
Q

What did the Grand National do? (under protection for workers factor)

A

Consolidated many of the separate trade unions under one

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9
Q

What was a direct consequence of the 1818 strikes? (under protection for workers factor)

A

Better defined trade unionism

Establishment of Grand National

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10
Q

What did employers introduce in response to the Grand National?

A

‘The document’

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11
Q

What was ‘the document’ used by employers?

A

Had to be signed by workers which stated that they weren’t part of a union & they couldn’t join one

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12
Q

What were failures of the Grand National? (under protection for workers factor)

A
  • Had few funds to support strikes, despite having subscription
  • Only 16,000 out of 1 million payed fees
  • Seen in Derby 1834, 1,500 locked out of work for being in union, GN could only pay for 4 months
  • The increased use of ‘document’
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13
Q

When did Grand national collapse?

A

1835

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14
Q

What were the Combination Acts? (under Government policies factor)

A

Made being formations of unions & making oaths

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15
Q

What was the Master and Servant Act, 1823 (under Government policies factor)

A

Made breaking of contract illegal

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16
Q

What did the creation of factories loose in terms of the workplace? (under factory system factor)

A
  • The master, journeymen and apprentices

- division between master and workers (connection lost)

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17
Q

When were the Combination Acts repealed?

A

1824

18
Q

Who were the Tolpuddle Martyrs?

A

1834,
6 labourers presented an offer of 10 shillings per week for pay & were declined, was changed to 6 shillings (people still showed up)
They were sentenced to 7 years in Australia

19
Q

What was the reaction of the public to the Tolpuddle Martyrs?

A

Massive outcry.

Protests took place In April 1834, over 100,000 people & petition of over 200,000 signatures (was refused)

20
Q

When was New Model unionism?

A

By 1850, started with ASE

21
Q

When was the NMU , The Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE) founded?

A

1851

22
Q

Who led The Amalgamated Society of Engineers founded

A

William Allan

Believed respectability was the way to get their goals

23
Q

Why was the ASE founded?

A

In response to an increase in unskilled workers.

Combined Old Mechanics, Steam Engine Maker’s Society & General Smiths

24
Q

What was the aim of the ASE?

A

Protect the rights of skilled workers

25
Q

What was the ASE’s system?

A

-General secretary managed day-to-day affairs
-A member fee
(Skilled workers were often well paid, by 1852, had £12,000 p.a. - was also used to help smaller unions)

26
Q

What was the number of ASE members?

A

1850s - 12,000

1874 - over 1 million

27
Q

What was the most influential thing the ASE did?

A

1859-1860
Gave 3 donations of £1,000 to the builder’s strike fund in London in their attempt to get 9hr working day.
-Forced employers to comprimise
-Showed effectiveness of NMUs

28
Q

What were limitations of NMUs?

A
  • Retained skilled workers only
  • Smaller unions couldn’t join in on such matters
  • Restricted what trades could join
29
Q

Who created the Trades Union Congress (TUC)?

A

George Potter & William Dronfield

30
Q

What was the motive behind creating TUC?

A

To improve unions to get workers the best possible protection, via unity

31
Q

When was the TUC founded?

A

1868

32
Q

What were Trade Counsils?

A

Trade unions, in cities, that protected industries in that area.
Created to protect workers in absence of other bodies
100,000 members by 1866
Led by leaders of ASE & ASCJ

33
Q

What came out of the Sheffield meeting?

A

Creation of the United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades

Promised to bind trade unions in mutual support (collapsed due to finances)

34
Q

What was the catalyst for Samuel Nickolson arranging a congress to discuss union issues?

A

Failure of the United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades

RESULTED IN TUC

35
Q

What was the Friendly Societies Act 1793?

A

Made unions illegal

36
Q

What did the TUC do?

A

Replaced Reform Union with ‘Labour Representation League’ + sent them to parliament

37
Q

When did the government begin to charge opinion of trade unions?

A

After 1851 & creation of NMUs

38
Q

When was the Trade Union Act passed?

A

1871

Made unions fully legal

39
Q

Who led the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners (ASCJ)?

A

Robert Applegarth

40
Q

When was the ASCJ set up?

A

1860

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