trade and commerce Flashcards

1
Q

how were the majority of the colonies products delt with

A

sent to britan
protectionist system

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2
Q

what book published theories of free trade

A

wealth of nations
adam smith

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3
Q

what system was there before free trade

A

one of economic orthodoxy
backed by bollion
trade surplus
and importing materials and exporting products

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4
Q

what are examples of brittan acting as the foremost trading nation

A

factories produce (iron and textile) good for a global market
urbanisation increased imports
largest consumer of food and raw materials

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5
Q

what areas of the world did britan trade with

A

west indies
Malayan
africa
australia
canada
india ect

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6
Q

how was british trade supported

A

government
free trade agreement
threats and coercion

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7
Q

what an example of britan using threats and coercion

A

navy during opium wars

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8
Q

what was britain’s limited application of force known as

A

imperialism of free trade

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9
Q

why would colonies trade with britain

A

loyalty
ease
common language, currency and system of commercial law
borrowing from british banks was cheaper

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10
Q

what was the wider impact of trade

A

growth in imperial trade and investment - industrial empire
growth in london/britan both financially and technologically

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11
Q

what percentage of british imports were from colonies

A

20%

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12
Q

when were the navigation acts passed

A

1660

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13
Q

name one law in the navigation acts

A

all goods must be shipped in british boats

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14
Q

why was britan concerned about trading with other european powers

A

they believed it was strengthening the enemy

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15
Q

what’s a chartered company

A

a company given the legal right to rule
a trade monopoly over a region

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16
Q

why were the british government relying less on chartered companies

A

adoption of free trade
strategic considerations eg indian rebellion

17
Q

what led to the revival of chartered companies in the 1870s

A

challenges from europe and america
long depression

18
Q

give two examples of chartered companies

A

royal niger company 1886
imperial british east africa company 188

19
Q

why was the imperial federation league set up

A

to premote colonial unity and enterprise

20
Q

what products (industries) were main sources of income/significance

A

industry
mining
agriculture

21
Q

what were important infrastructures

A

shipping
railways
canals and rivers
telegrams

22
Q

how was agriculture important

A

-south africa produced goods not in uk eg sugar coffee tea
-tea value went from £24k 54 to £2.4 mill 76
-rubber and palm oil from malaya
-indian workers shipped to work for low pay

23
Q

how was mining important

A
  • gold mines in australia produced 1/3 of the worlds gold
    -1886/90 gold and diamonds rush in south africa
    -tin in nigeria
24
Q

how was industry important

A

-limited development in colonies as they couldn’t compete with britan eg indian mills
-underdeveloped ares we’re forced to modernise

25
Q

how was shipping important

A

-1860s clipper ships were more efficient low volume high profit
-iron hill developed to cary more
-1850s steam engine made faster trips and upstream travel

26
Q

how were railways important

A

-‘railway imperialism’ key for economic development and control
-disrupted indigenous land/peoples
-largest investment in many colonies

27
Q

how were canals and rivers important

A

-rivers vital to transporting goods
-main focus for explorers
-canals built for speed and safety
-wetland canal built in canada

28
Q

how were telegrams important

A

-reduced time of messages from months to minutes
-wire to atlantic/india 1866
-wire to australia 1872
-world wire 1902