trade and commerce

Question 1

how were the majority of the colonies products delt with

Answer 1

sent to britan
protectionist system

Question 2

what book published theories of free trade

Answer 2

wealth of nations
adam smith

Question 3

what system was there before free trade

Answer 3

one of economic orthodoxy
backed by bollion
trade surplus
and importing materials and exporting products

Question 4

what are examples of brittan acting as the foremost trading nation

Answer 4

factories produce (iron and textile) good for a global market
urbanisation increased imports
largest consumer of food and raw materials

Question 5

what areas of the world did britan trade with

Answer 5

west indies
Malayan
africa
australia
canada
india ect

Question 6

how was british trade supported

Answer 6

government
free trade agreement
threats and coercion

Question 7

what an example of britan using threats and coercion

Answer 7

navy during opium wars

Question 8

what was britain’s limited application of force known as

Answer 8

imperialism of free trade

Question 9

why would colonies trade with britain

Answer 9

loyalty
ease
common language, currency and system of commercial law
borrowing from british banks was cheaper

Question 10

what was the wider impact of trade

Answer 10

growth in imperial trade and investment - industrial empire
growth in london/britan both financially and technologically

Question 11

what percentage of british imports were from colonies

Answer 11

20%

Question 12

when were the navigation acts passed

Answer 12

1660

Question 13

name one law in the navigation acts

Answer 13

all goods must be shipped in british boats

Question 14

why was britan concerned about trading with other european powers

Answer 14

they believed it was strengthening the enemy

Question 15

what’s a chartered company

Answer 15

a company given the legal right to rule
a trade monopoly over a region

Question 16

why were the british government relying less on chartered companies

Answer 16

adoption of free trade
strategic considerations eg indian rebellion

Question 17

what led to the revival of chartered companies in the 1870s

Answer 17

challenges from europe and america
long depression

Question 18

give two examples of chartered companies

Answer 18

royal niger company 1886
imperial british east africa company 188

Question 19

why was the imperial federation league set up

Answer 19

to premote colonial unity and enterprise

Question 20

what products (industries) were main sources of income/significance

Answer 20

industry
mining
agriculture

Question 21

what were important infrastructures

Answer 21

shipping
railways
canals and rivers
telegrams

Question 22

how was agriculture important

Answer 22

-south africa produced goods not in uk eg sugar coffee tea
-tea value went from £24k 54 to £2.4 mill 76
-rubber and palm oil from malaya
-indian workers shipped to work for low pay

Question 23

how was mining important

Answer 23

• gold mines in australia produced 1/3 of the worlds gold
  -1886/90 gold and diamonds rush in south africa
  -tin in nigeria

Question 24

how was industry important

Answer 24

-limited development in colonies as they couldn’t compete with britan eg indian mills
-underdeveloped ares we’re forced to modernise

Question 25

how was shipping important

Answer 25

-1860s clipper ships were more efficient low volume high profit
-iron hill developed to cary more
-1850s steam engine made faster trips and upstream travel

Question 26

how were railways important

Answer 26

-‘railway imperialism’ key for economic development and control
-disrupted indigenous land/peoples
-largest investment in many colonies

Question 27

how were canals and rivers important

Answer 27

-rivers vital to transporting goods
-main focus for explorers
-canals built for speed and safety
-wetland canal built in canada

Question 28

how were telegrams important

Answer 28

-reduced time of messages from months to minutes
-wire to atlantic/india 1866
-wire to australia 1872
-world wire 1902