british controll in eygpt

Question 1

when did britan take over egypt

Answer 1

1882 as a client state

Question 2

what empire previously ruled egypt and how

Answer 2

ottoman
began in 1517
largely independent as they had their own khedive

Question 3

when and why does france occupy egypt

Answer 3

1798
part of the nepolionic wars

Question 4

what do the ottomans do in 1801

Answer 4

expel the french but with british assistance

Question 5

how long does britan stay in egypt post 1801 and why do they leave

Answer 5

until 1805
muhammad ali pasha took over

Question 6

what did muhammad ali pasha do to egypt

Answer 6

modernised the government
reformed army
increased revenue

Question 7

what were global opinions of muhammad ali pasha

Answer 7

the british supported the ottoman empire in constraining his nationalist ambitions

Question 8

who took over muhammad ali pasha and when

Answer 8

ismail pasha
1863

Question 9

what did ismail pasha do to egypt

Answer 9

reformed it
new conscription based army
new hospitals and med schools with western ideas
transformed agriculture prioritising cash crops
built suez canal 1869

Question 10

what was the result of ismails reforms

Answer 10

india went bankrupt
in debt over £100 million and high interest rates of 7.5-10%

Question 11

what effect did india’s bankruptcy have on the suez canal and ismail

Answer 11

egypts shares fell under european economic control
ismail removed from office 4 years after

Question 12

what’s the importance of the suez canal

Answer 12

shaved of 5000 miles on the route to india
makes trip less difficult/dangerous
faster to send reinforcements/messages
allowed more frequent trade
less uses of resources
easier to transport perishable goods

Question 13

when did building on the canal begin

Answer 13

1859

Question 14

how many egyptians died building the canal

Answer 14

120,000

Question 15

when did the canal open

Answer 15

1869

Question 16

what to seas did the canal connect

Answer 16

medetrainian and red sea

Question 17

what percentage of canal shared did britan buy and who bought them

Answer 17

44%
PM disraeli in 1875

Question 18

how does the PM buy the canal shares

Answer 18

by taking out a secret loan from the rothschild family without consent
this then dominated british foreign policy

Question 19

who first came up with the idea to build the canal

Answer 19

french man ferdinand de lesseps in 1954
he set up a. company in 1858 and was set to run for 99 years

Question 20

what impact did the canal have on britan

Answer 20

british lost profits

Question 21

what happens to egyptian european loans in 1876

Answer 21

egypt defaults on loans and is pressured by creditors to accept external influences

Question 22

what was the caisse de la dette

Answer 22

public debt commission 1876
the commission had control over finances directed by british, french, italian, austrian and russia
egypt needed permission to spend

Question 23

what two figures were appointed to help with egyptian finance

Answer 23

briton as minister of finance
frenchman as minister of public works

Question 24

what happens to ismail pasha in 1879

Answer 24

ottomans and british depose him and he’s replaced with his son
tewfik pasha

Question 25

how did the british deal with economic issues in egypt and what did this lead to

Answer 25

food taxes
army reduced by 2/3rd
some nationalists allowed in gov
led to nationalist revolts led by colonel arabi pasha 1879-1882

Question 26

how did PM glad stone deal with revolts in 1879-82

Answer 26

he tried to get french support for an invasion but it fails

Question 27

what happens in 1882 and what was the british response

Answer 27

50 europeans killed in alexandria
british naval froces sent and they defeat arabis in less than 1 hour

Question 28

when was the convention of london and what did it secure

Answer 28

1885
secured british influence

Question 29

how did khedive tewfik rule later

Answer 29

as a pupet

Question 30

what’s a consul general and who was it

Answer 30

major evelyn boring
highest british rank overseas

Question 31

how was egypt ruled until 1922

Answer 31

as a ‘veiled protectorate’

Question 32

how long had egypt owned sudan

Answer 32

since 1824

Question 33

what was the consequence of britan owning egypt in turms of sudan

Answer 33

they also controlled sudan

Question 34

who was sent as governor general of sudan

Answer 34

general gordon

Question 35

who was general gordon

Answer 35

sent by the british to act as governor general of sudan 1877-85

Question 36

who declares themselves as mahdi and when

Answer 36

muhammad ahmad
1881

Question 37

what did muhammad ahmad form

Answer 37

a jihadist army of shi’ites against repressive egyptian/british rule

Question 38

what’s a jihadist

Answer 38

a person fighting in a holy war

Question 39

what happened in 1882 to the capital of sudan

Answer 39

khatoum is surrounded
colonel william hicks is killed

Question 40

when is general gordon told to evacuate and what does he do instead

Answer 40

1883
he refuses

Question 41

what happened to garrison in 1885

Answer 41

he was overrun and killed
and gordon was beheaded

Question 42

what happens to the legacy of general gordon

Answer 42

gordon becomes a martyr for british imperialism

Question 43

what happens to gladstone after gordon’s death

Answer 43

he’s condemned for his reluctance twords imperialism and resigned
the liberals then lost the next election in 1886
his known as GOM (grand old man) to MOG (murderer of gordon)

Question 44

what happens to sudan after the death of gordon

Answer 44

an unofficial mahdist state was created and sudan wasn’t retaken until 1896

Question 45

what were the successes and failure of british control in egypt and sudan

Answer 45

-gained corntrol in e 1882 and s 1896
-suez canal and faster trading
-cotton and linin production
failures- sudan beet britan 1885
-technically under ottoman control

Question 46

what were british aims in egypt and sudan

Answer 46

control of suez canal
cotton and linin trade