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Trachea, Tounge Flashcards

1
Q

mass of skeletal muscle covered by mucous membrane

A

Tounge

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2
Q

faces upwards towards the hard palate

A

Anterior 2/3 oral part KERATIZED

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3
Q

faces backwards towards the oropharynx

A

Posterior 1/3 pharyngeal part NON KERATINIZED

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4
Q

most anterior - merges into the inferior surface

A

Tip

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5
Q

Mucous membrane of the inferior surface

A

Thin and smooth

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6
Q

covered by mucous membrane into which underlying muscles are inserted. Has filliform, fungiform, vallate

A

Oral anterior 2/3

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7
Q

conical projections that give rise to velvety appearance of the tongue. located along the entire dorsum of the tongue, but they are not involved in taste sensation

A

Filliform papillae

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8
Q

small folds of mucosa located along the lateral surface of the tongue

A

Folliate papillae

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9
Q

visible as discrete pink pinheads
•more numerous towards the edge of the tongue
•each bears a few taste buds

A

Fungiform papillae

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10
Q

are about a dozen in number
•arranged in the form of a V with apex pointing backwards
•each is a cylindrical projection surrounded a circular sulcus and a raised outer wall

A

Vallate papillae

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11
Q

ill defined shallow groove which marks the junction of the oral and the pharyngeal part of the tongue

A

Sulcus terminalis

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12
Q

are far back on the oral surface - not in contact with the food being chewed; but the food juices and saliva reach them - so flavours are transmitted to them

A

Vallate papillae

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13
Q

the undersurface behind the tip there is a rather large mixed gland on the each side of midline

A

Anterior lingual gland

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14
Q

Retention cyst of anterior lingual gland

A

Ranula

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15
Q

anterior wall of the oropharynx extends from sulcus terminalis and epiglottis

A

Posterior 1/3 of the dorsum of the tongue

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16
Q

small depression at the apex of the sulcus - the remains of the upper end of the thyroglossal duct. No papillae behind this sulcus

A

Foramen cecum

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17
Q

has a nodular appearance - constitute the lingual tonsil, part of Waldeyer’s ring.

A

Smooth mucous membrane

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18
Q

Between tongue and epiglottis

A

Median glossoepiglottic fold

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19
Q

small midline septum of mucous membrane - unites it to the floor of the mouth

A

Lingual frenum

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20
Q

visible through the mucosa

A

Deep lingual vein

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21
Q

Not visible through the mucosa

A

Lingual artery and vein

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22
Q

Farther laterally is another fold of mucosa

A

Fimbriated fold

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23
Q

a series of parallel folds of mucous membrane on the sides of the posterior part of the tongue

A

Foliate papillae

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24
Q

ridge of mucous membrane raised up by palatoglossus muscles

A

Palatoglossal arches

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25
Palatoglossal arches constitutes
Oropharyngeal isthmus
26
Palatoglossal arches is narrowed by contraction of
Palatoglossus muscle
27
Intrinsic ms not attached to the bone
Superior and inferior longitudinal ms Transverse ms Vertical ms
28
Extrinsic ms attached to the bone
Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus
29
lies beneath mucous membrane. Shortens the tongue, make its dorsum concave
Superior longitudinal ms
30
lying close to the inferior surface of the tongue. between genioglossus and hyoglossus. shortens the tongue, make its dorsum convex
Inferior longitudinal ms
31
from median septum to the margins. makes the tongue narrow and elongated
Transverse ms
32
found at the borders of the anterior part of the tongue. makes the tongue broad and flattened
Vertical ms
33
Superficial from the muscles from the above downwards
lingual nerve submandibular duct hypoglossal nerve with its accompanying veins
34
Passing deep into its inferior border from the above downward
glossopharyngeal nerve styloid ligament lingual artery
35
Action of Genioglossus
Upper fibres: retract the Tip Middle fibres: depress the tongue Lower fibres: pull the posterior part forward
36
Action of Hyoglossus
Depresses the tongue
37
Action of Styloglossus
Pulls the tongue upward and backward while swallowing
38
Action of palatoglossus
Pulls up the root of the tongue
39
Arterial supply of tongue
Lingual artery
40
drain to submental nodes or directly to deep cervical nodes
Tip
41
from the anterior part tend to drain to ipsilateral submandibular nodes or directly to deep cervical nodes
Marginal lymphatics
42
drain to deep cervical nodes of either side
Central lymphatics
43
drains directly and bilaterally to deep cervical nodes
Posterior part
44
The deep cervical nodes usually involve
jugulodigastric and jugulo-omohyoid nodes
45
Innervation of the ms of tongue
Hypoglossal nerve except palatoglossus which is supplied by pharyngeal plexus
46
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue general sensation
lingual nerve - branch of the mandibular nerve
47
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue taste
Chorda tympani
48
Innervation of posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Hypoglossal nerve
49
Innervation of posterior most of tongue
Vagus nerve thru internal pharyngeal branch
50
Where does ms develops
Occipital myotomes CN XII
51
Where does connective tissue develops
Local mesenchyme
52
Injury to hypoglossal nerve
Paralysis of the ms of tongue
53
Muscular twitching on the half of the tongue is observed
Infranuclear lesion
54
Paralysis without palsy
Supranuclear lesion
55
Good site for observation of jaindice
Undersurface of the tongue
56
responsible for enormous swelling of tongue in acute glossitis
Presence of rich networks of lymphatics and loose areolar tissue
57
Why is the Carcinoma of posterior 1/3 of the tongue is more dangerous
Due to bilateral lymphatic spread
58
Length of traches
9-15 cm
59
Internal diameter of trachea
12-18 mm
60
Outer diameter of trachea
21-27 mm
61
Distance of infra cricoid to carina
11 cm
62
How many cartilaginous rings does trachea have
18-22 c shaped rings
63
Measurement of cartilages in adult
3-5 mm wide | 2mm thick
64
Where does it become intra thoracic (6-15cm)
6th cartilaginous ring
65
It lies in the midline of the neck
Trachea
66
Where is the bifurcation of trachea
C6, sternal angle
67
Found between two rings
Annular ligament
68
Upper end of trachea with lower border of cricoid
Cricotracheal ligament
69
Overlies esophageal muscle and forms the posterior wall of trachea
Trachealis muscle
70
Allows esophageal expansion during deglutition
Membranous posterior membrane
71
Continuous with larynx. Pinkish in color
Mucous membrane
72
Promotes moistening, cleansing of the contaminated air and liquefaction and expectoration of the sputum
Mucous glands, ciliary epithelium and muscle fibers
73
Average cross sectional area of the male adult trachea is
2.8 cm2
74
What are the upper limits of normal males
Transverse lateral diameter of 25mm and sagittal of 27 mm
75
Tracheal morphology of women
Round
76
Tracheal morphology of men
Sagittal widening and narrowing
77
Cervical tracheal relationships
Oesophagus lies posterior | Note trachealis muscle
78
Anterior cervical tracheal relationships
Inf thyroid artery Thyroid Ima artery Pretracheal fascia invests Trachea
79
Posterior cervical tracheal relationships
Oesophagus | Recurrent laryngeal nerves
80
2nd to the 4th rings are covered by
Isthmus of the thyroid
81
General sensation of trachea
Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves
82
Autonomic innervation
Sympathetic- decreases secretion T1&2 Parasympathetic -increases secretion.....
83
Trachea blood supply
Cervical portion —- inferior thyroid arteries Thoracic portion — bronchial arteries
84
Venous plexus along trachea and oesophagus drain where
Inferior thyroid venous plexus

Ga2 (4 decks)

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