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Ga2 > Trachea, Tounge > Flashcards

Trachea, Tounge Flashcards

1
Q

mass of skeletal muscle covered by mucous membrane

A

Tounge

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2
Q

faces upwards towards the hard palate

A

Anterior 2/3 oral part KERATIZED

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3
Q

faces backwards towards the oropharynx

A

Posterior 1/3 pharyngeal part NON KERATINIZED

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4
Q

most anterior - merges into the inferior surface

A

Tip

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5
Q

Mucous membrane of the inferior surface

A

Thin and smooth

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6
Q

covered by mucous membrane into which underlying muscles are inserted. Has filliform, fungiform, vallate

A

Oral anterior 2/3

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7
Q

conical projections that give rise to velvety appearance of the tongue. located along the entire dorsum of the tongue, but they are not involved in taste sensation

A

Filliform papillae

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8
Q

small folds of mucosa located along the lateral surface of the tongue

A

Folliate papillae

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9
Q

visible as discrete pink pinheads
•more numerous towards the edge of the tongue
•each bears a few taste buds

A

Fungiform papillae

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10
Q

are about a dozen in number
•arranged in the form of a V with apex pointing backwards
•each is a cylindrical projection surrounded a circular sulcus and a raised outer wall

A

Vallate papillae

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11
Q

ill defined shallow groove which marks the junction of the oral and the pharyngeal part of the tongue

A

Sulcus terminalis

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12
Q

are far back on the oral surface - not in contact with the food being chewed; but the food juices and saliva reach them - so flavours are transmitted to them

A

Vallate papillae

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13
Q

the undersurface behind the tip there is a rather large mixed gland on the each side of midline

A

Anterior lingual gland

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14
Q

Retention cyst of anterior lingual gland

A

Ranula

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15
Q

anterior wall of the oropharynx extends from sulcus terminalis and epiglottis

A

Posterior 1/3 of the dorsum of the tongue

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16
Q

small depression at the apex of the sulcus - the remains of the upper end of the thyroglossal duct. No papillae behind this sulcus

A

Foramen cecum

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17
Q

has a nodular appearance - constitute the lingual tonsil, part of Waldeyer’s ring.

A

Smooth mucous membrane

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18
Q

Between tongue and epiglottis

A

Median glossoepiglottic fold

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19
Q

small midline septum of mucous membrane - unites it to the floor of the mouth

A

Lingual frenum

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20
Q

visible through the mucosa

A

Deep lingual vein

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21
Q

Not visible through the mucosa

A

Lingual artery and vein

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22
Q

Farther laterally is another fold of mucosa

A

Fimbriated fold

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23
Q

a series of parallel folds of mucous membrane on the sides of the posterior part of the tongue

A

Foliate papillae

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24
Q

ridge of mucous membrane raised up by palatoglossus muscles

A

Palatoglossal arches

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25
Q

Palatoglossal arches constitutes

A

Oropharyngeal isthmus

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26
Q

Palatoglossal arches is narrowed by contraction of

A

Palatoglossus muscle

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27
Q

Intrinsic ms not attached to the bone

A

Superior and inferior longitudinal ms
Transverse ms
Vertical ms

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28
Q

Extrinsic ms attached to the bone

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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29
Q

lies beneath mucous membrane. Shortens the tongue, make its dorsum concave

A

Superior longitudinal ms

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30
Q

lying close to the inferior surface of the tongue. between genioglossus and hyoglossus. shortens the tongue, make its dorsum convex

A

Inferior longitudinal ms

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31
Q

from median septum to the margins. makes the tongue narrow and elongated

A

Transverse ms

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32
Q

found at the borders of the anterior part of the tongue. makes the tongue broad and flattened

A

Vertical ms

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33
Q

Superficial from the muscles from the above downwards

A

lingual nerve
submandibular duct
hypoglossal nerve with its accompanying veins

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34
Q

Passing deep into its inferior border from the above downward

A

glossopharyngeal nerve
styloid ligament
lingual artery

35
Q

Action of Genioglossus

A

Upper fibres: retract the Tip

Middle fibres: depress the
tongue

Lower fibres: pull the
posterior part forward

36
Q

Action of Hyoglossus

A

Depresses the tongue

37
Q

Action of Styloglossus

A

Pulls the tongue upward and backward while swallowing

38
Q

Action of palatoglossus

A

Pulls up the root of the tongue

39
Q

Arterial supply of tongue

A

Lingual artery

40
Q

drain to submental nodes or directly to deep cervical nodes

A

Tip

41
Q

from the anterior part tend to drain to ipsilateral submandibular nodes or directly to deep cervical nodes

A

Marginal lymphatics

42
Q

drain to deep cervical nodes of either side

A

Central lymphatics

43
Q

drains directly and bilaterally to deep cervical nodes

A

Posterior part

44
Q

The deep cervical nodes usually involve

A

jugulodigastric and jugulo-omohyoid nodes

45
Q

Innervation of the ms of tongue

A

Hypoglossal nerve except palatoglossus which is supplied by pharyngeal plexus

46
Q

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue general sensation

A

lingual nerve - branch of the mandibular nerve

47
Q

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue taste

A

Chorda tympani

48
Q

Innervation of posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Hypoglossal nerve

49
Q

Innervation of posterior most of tongue

A

Vagus nerve thru internal pharyngeal branch

50
Q

Where does ms develops

A

Occipital myotomes CN XII

51
Q

Where does connective tissue develops

A

Local mesenchyme

52
Q

Injury to hypoglossal nerve

A

Paralysis of the ms of tongue

53
Q

Muscular twitching on the half of the tongue is observed

A

Infranuclear lesion

54
Q

Paralysis without palsy

A

Supranuclear lesion

55
Q

Good site for observation of jaindice

A

Undersurface of the tongue

56
Q

responsible for enormous swelling of tongue in acute glossitis

A

Presence of rich networks of lymphatics and loose areolar tissue

57
Q

Why is the Carcinoma of posterior 1/3 of the tongue is more dangerous

A

Due to bilateral lymphatic spread

58
Q

Length of traches

A

9-15 cm

59
Q

Internal diameter of trachea

A

12-18 mm

60
Q

Outer diameter of trachea

A

21-27 mm

61
Q

Distance of infra cricoid to carina

A

11 cm

62
Q

How many cartilaginous rings does trachea have

A

18-22 c shaped rings

63
Q

Measurement of cartilages in adult

A

3-5 mm wide

2mm thick

64
Q

Where does it become intra thoracic (6-15cm)

A

6th cartilaginous ring

65
Q

It lies in the midline of the neck

A

Trachea

66
Q

Where is the bifurcation of trachea

A

C6, sternal angle

67
Q

Found between two rings

A

Annular ligament

68
Q

Upper end of trachea with lower border of cricoid

A

Cricotracheal ligament

69
Q

Overlies esophageal muscle and forms the posterior wall of trachea

A

Trachealis muscle

70
Q

Allows esophageal expansion during deglutition

A

Membranous posterior membrane

71
Q

Continuous with larynx. Pinkish in color

A

Mucous membrane

72
Q

Promotes moistening, cleansing of the contaminated air and liquefaction and expectoration of the sputum

A

Mucous glands, ciliary epithelium and muscle fibers

73
Q

Average cross sectional area of the male adult trachea is

A

2.8 cm2

74
Q

What are the upper limits of normal males

A

Transverse lateral diameter of 25mm and sagittal of 27 mm

75
Q

Tracheal morphology of women

A

Round

76
Q

Tracheal morphology of men

A

Sagittal widening and narrowing

77
Q

Cervical tracheal relationships

A

Oesophagus lies posterior

Note trachealis muscle

78
Q

Anterior cervical tracheal relationships

A

Inf thyroid artery
Thyroid Ima artery
Pretracheal fascia invests
Trachea

79
Q

Posterior cervical tracheal relationships

A

Oesophagus

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

80
Q

2nd to the 4th rings are covered by

A

Isthmus of the thyroid

81
Q

General sensation of trachea

A

Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves

82
Q

Autonomic innervation

A

Sympathetic- decreases secretion T1&2

Parasympathetic -increases secretion…..

83
Q

Trachea blood supply

A

Cervical portion —- inferior thyroid arteries

Thoracic portion — bronchial arteries

84
Q

Venous plexus along trachea and oesophagus drain where

A

Inferior thyroid venous plexus

Ga2 (4 decks)

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