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Ga2 > Fetal Skull > Flashcards

Fetal Skull Flashcards

1
Q

compressible, and made mainly of thin pliable tabular(flat) bones forming the vault.

A

Fetal skull

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2
Q

Areas of skull

A

➢ VERTEX
➢ BROW
➢ FACE

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3
Q

It is a quadrangular area
bounded anteriorly by the bregma and coronal suture behind by the lambda and lambdoidal sutures and laterally by lines passing thru the parietal eminences.

A

Vertex

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4
Q

It is an area bounded on one side
by the anterior fontanelle and coronal sutures and on the other side by the root of the nose and supra-orbital ridges of either side.

A

Brow

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5
Q

It is the area bounded by the root of the nose and supra-orbital ridges and on the other, by the junction of the floor of the mouth with neck

A

Face

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6
Q

is the area lying in front of the anterior fontanelle and corresponds to the area of brow.

A

Sinciput

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7
Q

is the area limited to the occipital bone

A

Occiput

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8
Q

Flat bones of the vault are united together by the non-osssified membranes attached to the margins of the bones. These are called???

A

Sutures

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9
Q

lies b/w two parietal bones.

A

The saggital suture

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10
Q

run b/w parietal and frontal bones on either sides.

A

The coronal sutures

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11
Q

lies b/w two frontal bones.

A

The frontal suture

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12
Q

separate the occiput bone and two parietal bones.

A

Lamboidal suture

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13
Q

Digital palpations of sagittal suture during internal examination in labour gives an idea of the

A

manner of engagement of the head

degree of internal rotation of the head

degree of moulding of the head.

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14
Q

Wide gap in the suture line

A

Fontanelle

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15
Q

Formed by joining four sutures in midplane.
● Anteriorly frontal.
● Posteriorly saggital.
● On either side coronal suture.

A

Anterior fontanelle

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16
Q

➢ Diamond like shape.
➢ Floor is made by a
membrane.
➢ Ossified at 18mth after birth.

A

Anterior fontanelle

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17
Q

Importance of anterior fontanelle

A

• Its palpation thru internal examination denotes the degree of flexion of the head.
• It facilitates the moulding of the head.
• It helps in accomodating the marked brain
growth.
• Palpation reflects intracranial status.

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18
Q

Formed by junction of three sutures.
● Saggital suture anteriorly.
● Lambdoidal suture on either side.

A

Posterior fontanelle

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19
Q

➢ Triangular in shape.
➢ Measures about
1.2 1.2cm.
➢ Its floor is membranous but become bony at 3mth.

A

Posterior fontanelle

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20
Q

Importance of posterior fontanelle

A

It denotes the position of the head in relation to maternal pelvic.

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21
Q

9.5cm extends b/w two parietal eminences.

A

Biparietal diameter

22
Q

8.5cm extends from a point placed below one parietal eminence to a pt. placed above the other parietal eminence of the opposite side.

A

Super subparietal

23
Q

8cm dist. b/w antero-inferior ends of the coronal suture.

A

Bi temporal

24
Q

7.5cm dist. b/w tips of the mastoid process.

A

Bi mastoid

25
Q

It is the alteration of the shape of the forecoming head while passing thru the resistant birth passage during labour.

A

Moulding

26
Q

Importance of moulding

A

• Enables head to pass more easily, thru the birth canal.

27
Q

2 parts of skull

A

1) Neurocranium:
•Calvaria (skullcap)
•Cranial base (basicranium)

2) Viscerocranium (Facial skeleton)

28
Q

Skull of a term fetus or newborn infant is disproportionately large compared with other parts of the skeleton

A

Fetal skull

29
Q

Size of skull vs fetal skull

A

In adult, facial skeleton forms 1/3 of the skull but in the newborn, facial skeleton only forms 1/8 of the skull

30
Q

Smallness of the face is due to

A

-rudimentary development of the maxillae, mandible and paranasal sinuses
–absence of erupted teeth
–the small size of the nasal cavities

●Nose lies almost entirely between the orbits

●Orbits appears relatively large

31
Q

At birth, this bone is smooth and unilaminar ( no diploë is present)

A

Calvaria

32
Q

Characteristics of term fetal skull

A

1) Mastoid proces is absent
2) Styloid process is absent
3) Stylomastoid foramen is exposed on the lateral surface of the skull
4) Glabella and superciliary arches are not developed
5) Paranasal sinuses are rudimentary or absent
6) External acoustic meatus is short, straight and wholly cartilagenous
7) Ossification is incomplete

33
Q

fibrous joint between flat bones of calvaria

A

Sutures

34
Q

allow the bones to move during the birth process (moulding)

A

Sutures

35
Q

allows brain to enlarge during infancy and childhood.

A

Sutures

36
Q

Important sutures

A

1) Metopic (frontal) suture
2) Sagittal suture
3) Coronal suture
4) Lambdoidal suture
5) Squamous suture
6) Intermaxillary suture
7) Intermandibular sutures

37
Q

starts to ossify by age of 8

A

Cranial sutures

38
Q

usually starting between 20 to 30 years , often before the age of 40

A

Obliteration of cranial sutures

39
Q

usually begins in the coronal suture, and then extends into sagittal and lambdoid sutures

A

Obliteration

40
Q

premature fusion of cranial sutures

A

Craniosynostosis

41
Q

Types of craniosynostosis

A

1) Scaphocephaly (boat head)
2) Brachycephaly (short head)
3) Plagiocephaly (asymmetry head)
4) Trigonocephaly (triangular head)
5) Pansynostosis

42
Q

due to premature closure of sagittal suture

A

Scaphocephaly

43
Q

premature closure of coronal suture on both sides (bilaterally)

A

Brachycephaly

44
Q

due to unilateral closure of coronal suture (or lambdoid suture)

A

Plagiocephaly

45
Q

premature closure of metopic suture

A

Trigonocephaly (triangular head)

46
Q

premature closure of multiple suture

A

Pansynostosis

47
Q

Areas of fibrous tissue membrane separating the bones of the calvaria

A

Fontanelle

48
Q

Major fontanelle

A

1) Anterior
2) Posterior
3) Anterolateral (Sphenoidal)
4) Posterolateral (Mastoid)

49
Q

Clinical use of fontanelles

A
  • During vaginal examination (during birth)
  • Degree of hydration
  • Level of intracranial pressure
  • To obtain blood sample from underlying superior sagittal sinus
  • Progress of growth of the frontal and parietal bones
50
Q

are small, irregular and occur at the sphenoidal and mastoid angles of the parietal bones respectively.

A

The sphenoidal (anterolateral) and mastoid (posterolateral) fontanelle

Ga2 (4 decks)

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