base of skull (basiocciput, basisphenoid) —soft palaye plane of hard palate— hyoid bone hyoid bone— lower border of cricoid cartilage

Pharynx, Larynx Flashcards by Lixette Anne Padilla

Division pf Pharynx

base of skull (basiocciput, basisphenoid) —soft palaye
plane of hard palate— hyoid bone
hyoid bone— lower border of cricoid cartilage

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Structural pharyngeal wall from outside

Mucous membrane
Pharyngeal aponeurosis
Muscular coat
Buccopharyngeal fascia

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Fibrous layer lining muscular coat

Pharyngeal aponeurosis

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Constrictors

Muscular coat

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Covers pharynx externally

Buccopharyngeal fascia

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Pharyngeal longitudinal muscles. Inserted at conjoint at the post border of thyroid cartilage at lat aspect of epiglottis

Stulopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

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Gap between mid and sup constrictors

Stylopharyngeus

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Moves along inner aspect of constrictor

Palatopharyngeus

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Lies in wall of nasopharymx and oropharynx. Lower part covered by middle constrictor

Superior constrictor

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Inferiorly overlapped by inferior constrictor. Hypopharynx

Middle constrictor

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Thickest constrictor

Inferior constrictor

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Obliquely displayed

Thyropharyngeus

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Transversely displayed

Cricopharyngeus

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Prevents the entry of air into the oesophagus in the interval between swallowing. Sphincter relax during swallow.

Cricopharyngeus

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Insertion of all the fibers

Median fibrous raphe

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Potential gap between weak area of pharyngeal wall. Gateeay of tears

Killian’s Dehiscence

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2 pharyngeal spaces

Retropharyngeal space

Parapharyngeal space

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Nerve supply of pharynx

Pharyngeal plexus

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Glossoharyngeal and vagus nerve with superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

Pharyngeal plexus

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Roof of nasophrynx

Basisphenoid and basiocciput

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Posterior wall of nasopharynx

Arch of atlas vertebra

Prevertebral ms

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Elevation in the nasopharynx

Torus tubarius

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Suberhilial collection of lynphoid tissue. Causes the overlying mucous membraneto be thrown into radiating folds

Adenoids

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Epithelial lined median recess within adenoid mass. Represents the attachment of notochord ro pharyngeal endodern during embryonic development

Nasopharyngeal bursa

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Abcess in the bursa

Thornwaldt’s disease

A dimple above adenoids. Carcinopharyngoima may arise

Rathke’s pouch

Collection of subethelial lymphoid tissue. Infection causes eustachian tube occlusion

Tubal tonsil

Space between base of skull and upper free border of superior constrictor

Sinus of morgagni

It pierces sinus of morgagni

Eustachian tube Levator veli palatini Tensor veli palatini Ascending palatine artery

Pharyngeal recess. Commonest site for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Fossa of rosenmuller

Forms a ring around post and lat walls of nasopharyngeal isthmus

Passavant’s ridge

Spinal accessory chainnof nodes in the posterior triangke of the neck

Lymphatic drainage

Acts as conduit of air. Acts as drainage channel for mucous

Lymphatic drainage

Lies opposite to the oral cavity. Communicates with the oral cavity through oropharyngeal isthmus

Oropharynx

Boundaries of oropharyngeal isthmus

Soft palate above Upper surf of tounge below Palatoglossal arch on each side

Cup shaped depression

Valleculae

A triangular depression between anterior and posterior pillars

Tonsillar fossa

Lowest part of pharynx

Laryngopharynx

Forms lateral channel for food

Pyrifor sinus/fossa

Foreign bodies mat get lodged here

Smuggler’s fossa

Commonest site for carcinoma in females who are suffering from Plummer Wilson syndrome

Post cricoid region

From hyoid bone to the level of cricoarytenoid joint

Post pharyngeal wall

Common pathway for air and food. Helps in deglutition

Post pharyngeal wall

A ring composed of MALT at beginning pf food and air passage. Produce B and T lymph. Local defense

Waldeyer’s Ring

1st step in swallowing

Tongue force compacted volus into oropharynx

2nd step in swallowing

Laryngeal movement folds epiglottis; laryngeal muscle push bolus into esophagus

3rd step in swallowing

Bolus moves along esophagus; larynx returns to normal position

Begins at level C4 or C5 and ends at C7

Larynx

A cylinder whose cartilaginous walls are stabilized by ligaments of skeletal muscles or both

Larynx

Unpaired cartilage of larynx

Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Epiglottis First two are hyaline cartilage Last is elastic cartilage

Shield shaped. Inf thorns make synovial hinges joints with cricod cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

Adam’s apple

Laryngeal prominence

Largest laryngeal cartilage. Incomplete posteriorly

Thyroid cartilage

Complee ring of cartilage has narrow arch anteriorly and brod lamina posteriorly

Cricoid cartilage

Protect the glortis and the entrance to the trachea

Thuroid and cricoid cartilage

Leaf shaped cartilage.

Epiglottis

Three smaller cartilage in larynx

Arytenoid Corniculate Cuneiform

Two pyramidal shaped cartilage above the lamina

Arytenoid

Nodules above arytenoid in aryepiglottic folds

Corniculate

Rod shaped above corniculate

Cuneiform

Plays a role in opening and closing the glottis and production of sound

Corniculate and arytenoid

Links larynx to hyoid

Thyrohyoid membrane

Links thyroid to cricod

Cricothyroid membrane

Links cricoid to first tracheal cartilage

Cricotracheak cartilage

Links arytenoid to epiglottis

Quadrangular membrane

Overlie quadrangualr membrane

Aryepiglottic fold

Links epiglottis to thyroid cartilage

Thyroepiglottic ligament

Helps prevent foreign object from entering the glottis

Vestibular folds

Vibeating tips that arise ffron entire upper edge of arch of cricoid

Conus elasticus

Opening between vocal ligaments

Rima glottidis

Upper free edges deep to vical folds

Vocal ligaments

Functions of conus elasticus

Sound production | Close rima glottidis

Functions of intrinsic laryngeal ms

Regulate tension in the vical cords | Opens and close glottidis

Tenses vocal ligament increasing pitch

Cricothroid ms

Relaxes vocal ligaments decreases pitch

Thyroarytenoid ms

Adduct vocal cords

Arytenoid lateral cricoarytenoid posterior cricoarytenoid

Pulls epiglottis down during swallowing. Not necessary in adult humans

Aryepiglottic ma

Positions and stabilizes the larynx

Extrinsic laryngeal ms

Inlet above false vocal cord

Vestibule

Overlie vestibular lig

false Vestibular Fold

Area bet false and true vocal folds

Ventricle

Overlie vical lig

True vocal fold

Lateral laryngeal inlet

Pyriform recess

Depression bet med and lat glossoepiglottic fold

Valleculae

Division of superior laryngeal nerve

Internal and external laryngel N

Sensory to larynx

Internal laryngeal n | Recurrent laryngeal n

Motor to cricothyroid

External laryngeal N

Larynx above true vc

Sup deep cerv nodes

Larynx below vc

Inf deep cerv nodes

Little bleeding

Crico thyrotomy

Nerve supply of larynx

Superior and recurrent laryngeal branches