Trace elements to Acid Base Flashcards
for diagnosis of wilson’s
copper
for RNA and DNA synth
zinc
for cholesterol synthesis
Mn
for red cell synthesis and part of B12
cobalt
for uric acid synthesis
molybdenum
for glucose tolerance
chromium
for structure of nucleic acid
nickel
difference between the unmeasured cation and unmeasured anion
anion gap
fomula for anion gap
- ) Na - (Cl + HCO3)
2. ) (Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)
elevated gap may indicate
lactic acidosis
uremia
ketoacidosis
hypernatremia
decreased gap may indicate
hypoalbuminemia
hypercalcemia
rr for the first gap formula
7-16
RR for second gap formula
10-20 mmol/L
examples of buffer
bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
phosphate buffer
protein buffer
hemoglobin oxyhemoglobin buffer
pK of bicarbonate-carbonic acid system
6.1
pK of phosphate buffer
7.21
which buffer is amphoteric
proteins
compensatory action of lungs
hypo/hyperventilation
compensatory action of kidneys
excretion or reabsorption of bicarbonate
decreased HCO3 leads to ____ pH
decreased
increased HCO3 leads to ___ pH
increased
rr for pH
7.35-7.45
rr for pCO2
34-45
rr for HCO3
22-26
rr for H2CO3
1.14-1.26
formula for total CO2
hco3 + h2co3
formula for h2co3
pCO2 x .0307
pH of acidosis
<7.34
pH of alkalosis
> 7.44
pH of acidemia
<7.35
pH of alkalemia
> 7.45
