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Clinical Chemistry 2 > Ch. 13 - Enzymes (CHS - ALS) (RVSP) > Flashcards

Ch. 13 - Enzymes (CHS - ALS) (RVSP) Flashcards

0
Q

2 types of CHS

A
  • Pseudocholinesterase (PChe)/acylcholine acylhydrolase

- True cholinesterase/Acetylcholinesterase (AChe)

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1
Q

Enzyme class of Cholinesterase (CHS)

A

Hydrolase

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2
Q

Tissue sources of pseudocholinesterase

A 
Liver (main)
Pancreas
Serum
Heart
White matter of CNS
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3
Q

CHS type as muscle relaxant in surgery

A

Pseudocholinesterase

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4
Q

Tissue sources of Acetylcholinesterase

A

RBCs
Nerve tissue/cells
Brain

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5
Q

Enzyme for transmission of nerve impulses

A

Acetylcholinesterase

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6
Q

Rxn equation of acetylcholinesterase

A

Acetylcholine –acetylcholinesterase–> choline + acetic acid

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7
Q

Conditions of decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase

A 
Parenchymatous liver diseases
Insecticide poisoning (organophosphorous)
Metastatic carcinoma
Malnutrition
Anesthetic overdose
Heart failure
Acute infection
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8
Q

3 mtds for CHS

A 
Michel mtd (Electrometric mtd)
Manometric mtd
Ellman Technique (Photometric Enzyme Reaction)
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9
Q

CHS mtd; measures decrease in pH resulting from liberation of acetic acid

A

Michel Mtd (Electrometric mtd)

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10
Q

CHS mtd; measures the liberation of CO2 from the formation of acetic acid as acetylcholine is hydrolyzed

A

Manometric mtd

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11
Q

Substrate used in Ellman technique for CHS

A

Butylcholine (thiolester)

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12
Q

Most used mtd for CHS

A

Ellman technique (Photometric Enzyme Reaction)

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13
Q

Wavelength in Ellman Technique for CHS

A

410 nm

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14
Q

Rxn equation in Ellman technique for CHS

A

Butylcholine + DTNB –> 5-MNBA

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15
Q

DTNB

A

5,5’-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid

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16
Q

MNBA

A

5-monothio-nitrobenzoic acid

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17
Q

Enzyme class of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP)

18
Q

Enzyme for hydrolysis of N-terminal residues from certain peptides & amides containing free amino groups

19
Q

Tissue sources of LAP

A

Bile
Urine
Serum

20
Q

Conditions of increased levels of LAP

A 
Pancreatitis
Hepatobiliary diseases (hepatitis & cirrhosis)
Obstructive jaundice
Metastatic carcinoma of the liver
21
Q

Mtd for LAP

A

Goldbarg and Rutenberg Mtd

22
Q

Characteristics of the Goldbarg and Rutenberg mtd for LAP

A

Fluorometric

Colorimetric

23
Q

Fluorochrome dyes used in the Goldbarg and Rutenberg mtd for LAP

A
  • FITC (flourescein isothiocyanate)
  • acridine orange
  • rhodamine
24
Q

Enzyme class of Ornithine Carbamoyl Transferase (OCT)

A

Transferase

25
Q

Tissue source OCT

26
Q

Enzyme for the reversible conversion of ornithine –> citrulline (synthesis of urea)

A

Ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT)

27
Q

Conditions of increased levels of OCT

A
  • cirrhosis
  • heart failure
  • acute viral hepatitis
  • metastatic carcinoma (slight increase)
  • delirium tremens
  • obstructive jaundice
  • cholecystitis
28
Q

2 mtds for OCT

A
  • Reichard and Reichard Mtd

- Colorimetric mtd

29
Q

Isotopic and microdiffusion technique for OCT

A

Reichard and Reichard Mtd

30
Q

Other name for the Reichard and Reichard mtd for OCT

A

Isotopic and Microdiffusion technique

31
Q

Most commonly requested enzyme in the lab

A

Aldolase (ALS)

32
Q

Enzyme class of aldolase (ALS)

33
Q

Rxn equation of ALS

A

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate –ALS–> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate

34
Q

Enzyme important in the breakdown of glucose to lactic acid (glycolytic breakdown)

35
Q

Tissue sources of ALS

A
  • liver (most)
  • Skeletal muscles
  • heart muscles
  • RBCs
36
Q

Isoenzymes of ALS

A

Isoenzyme A
Isoenzyme B
Isoenzyme C

37
Q

Tissue sources of ALS Isoenzyme A

A
  • Liver (most)
  • RBCs
  • kidneys
  • intestine
  • muscles
38
Q

Substance that reacts with ALS Isoenzyme A

39
Q

Main tissue source of ALS Isoenzyme B

40
Q

Main tissue source of ALS Isoenzyme C

A

Brain (hippocampus and Purkinje cells)

41
Q

ALS isoenzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of alcohol

A

Isoenzyme C

42
Q

Conditions of increased levels of ALS

A
  • progressive muscular dystrophy
  • inflammatory muscle disease
  • liver diseases/necrosis
  • MI
  • Pulmonary infarction
  • malignancy
  • megaloblastic anemia
43
Q

Principle for ALS mtds

A

Rate at which thioses are formed/rate at which dinitrophenylhydrazone is formed

Clinical Chemistry 2 (11 decks)

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