Ch. 13 - Enzymes (CHS - ALS) (RVSP)

Question 0

2 types of CHS

Answer 0

• Pseudocholinesterase (PChe)/acylcholine acylhydrolase

- True cholinesterase/Acetylcholinesterase (AChe)

Question 1

Enzyme class of Cholinesterase (CHS)

Answer 1

Hydrolase

Question 2

Tissue sources of pseudocholinesterase

Answer 2

Liver (main)
Pancreas
Serum
Heart
White matter of CNS

Question 3

CHS type as muscle relaxant in surgery

Answer 3

Pseudocholinesterase

Question 4

Tissue sources of Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 4

RBCs
Nerve tissue/cells
Brain

Question 5

Enzyme for transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 5

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 6

Rxn equation of acetylcholinesterase

Answer 6

Acetylcholine –acetylcholinesterase–> choline + acetic acid

Question 7

Conditions of decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase

Answer 7

Parenchymatous liver diseases
Insecticide poisoning (organophosphorous)
Metastatic carcinoma
Malnutrition
Anesthetic overdose
Heart failure
Acute infection

Question 8

3 mtds for CHS

Answer 8

Michel mtd (Electrometric mtd)
Manometric mtd
Ellman Technique (Photometric Enzyme Reaction)

Question 9

CHS mtd; measures decrease in pH resulting from liberation of acetic acid

Answer 9

Michel Mtd (Electrometric mtd)

Question 10

CHS mtd; measures the liberation of CO2 from the formation of acetic acid as acetylcholine is hydrolyzed

Answer 10

Manometric mtd

Question 11

Substrate used in Ellman technique for CHS

Answer 11

Butylcholine (thiolester)

Question 12

Most used mtd for CHS

Answer 12

Ellman technique (Photometric Enzyme Reaction)

Question 13

Wavelength in Ellman Technique for CHS

Answer 13

410 nm

Question 14

Rxn equation in Ellman technique for CHS

Answer 14

Butylcholine + DTNB –> 5-MNBA

Question 15

DTNB

Answer 15

5,5’-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid

Question 16

MNBA

Answer 16

5-monothio-nitrobenzoic acid

Question 17

Enzyme class of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP)

Answer 17

Hydrolase

Question 18

Enzyme for hydrolysis of N-terminal residues from certain peptides & amides containing free amino groups

Answer 18

LAP

Question 19

Tissue sources of LAP

Answer 19

Bile
Urine
Serum

Question 20

Conditions of increased levels of LAP

Answer 20

Pancreatitis
Hepatobiliary diseases (hepatitis & cirrhosis)
Obstructive jaundice
Metastatic carcinoma of the liver

Question 21

Mtd for LAP

Answer 21

Goldbarg and Rutenberg Mtd

Question 22

Characteristics of the Goldbarg and Rutenberg mtd for LAP

Answer 22

Fluorometric

Colorimetric

Question 23

Fluorochrome dyes used in the Goldbarg and Rutenberg mtd for LAP

Answer 23

• FITC (flourescein isothiocyanate)
• acridine orange
• rhodamine

Question 24

Enzyme class of Ornithine Carbamoyl Transferase (OCT)

Answer 24

Transferase

Question 25

Tissue source OCT

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

Enzyme for the reversible conversion of ornithine --> citrulline (synthesis of urea)

Answer 26

Ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT)

Question 27

Conditions of increased levels of OCT

Answer 27

- cirrhosis - heart failure - acute viral hepatitis - metastatic carcinoma (slight increase) - delirium tremens - obstructive jaundice - cholecystitis

Question 28

2 mtds for OCT

Answer 28

- Reichard and Reichard Mtd | - Colorimetric mtd

Question 29

Isotopic and microdiffusion technique for OCT

Answer 29

Reichard and Reichard Mtd

Question 30

Other name for the Reichard and Reichard mtd for OCT

Answer 30

Isotopic and Microdiffusion technique

Question 31

Most commonly requested enzyme in the lab

Answer 31

Aldolase (ALS)

Question 32

Enzyme class of aldolase (ALS)

Answer 32

Lyase

Question 33

Rxn equation of ALS

Answer 33

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate --ALS--> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Question 34

Enzyme important in the breakdown of glucose to lactic acid (glycolytic breakdown)

Answer 34

ALS

Question 35

Tissue sources of ALS

Answer 35

- liver (most) - Skeletal muscles - heart muscles - RBCs

Question 36

Isoenzymes of ALS

Answer 36

Isoenzyme A Isoenzyme B Isoenzyme C

Question 37

Tissue sources of ALS Isoenzyme A

Answer 37

- Liver (most) - RBCs - kidneys - intestine - muscles

Question 38

Substance that reacts with ALS Isoenzyme A

Answer 38

PLD2

Question 39

Main tissue source of ALS Isoenzyme B

Answer 39

Liver

Question 40

Main tissue source of ALS Isoenzyme C

Answer 40

Brain (hippocampus and Purkinje cells)

Question 41

ALS isoenzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of alcohol

Answer 41

Isoenzyme C

Question 42

Conditions of increased levels of ALS

Answer 42

- progressive muscular dystrophy - inflammatory muscle disease - liver diseases/necrosis - MI - Pulmonary infarction - malignancy - megaloblastic anemia

Question 43

Principle for ALS mtds

Answer 43

Rate at which thioses are formed/rate at which dinitrophenylhydrazone is formed