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Clinical Chemistry 2 > Intro Electrolytes plus FE > Flashcards

Intro Electrolytes plus FE Flashcards

TO PASS CC.

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1
Q

Into plus Fe

Storage form of Fe

A

Ferritin

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2
Q

Into plus Fe

Where is iron stored

A

Liver, spleen, bone marrow

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3
Q

Into plus Fe

Iron transport protein

A

Transferrin

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4
Q

Into plus Fe

Aggregates of ferritin

A

Hemosiderin

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5
Q

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Significantly high levels of iron

A

Iron overload

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6
Q

Into plus Fe

Causes of iron overload

A

Hemolytic anemia
Lead poisoning
Pernicious anemia
Acute hepatitis

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7
Q

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Measures transferrin level

A

Total iron binding capacity

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8
Q

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Significantly low levels of iron

A

Iron deficiency

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9
Q

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Causes of iron deficiency

A

Chronic blood loss
Uremia
Impaired release of iron from RES due to infection
Acute hemorrhage

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10
Q

Into plus Fe

Explain serum iron analysis

A

Acidification using HCl to convert ferrous ion to ferric ion. Addition of glycolic acid or ascorbic acid to reduce ferric ion to shit (d ko mbsa HO). Change in solution’s color as the color indicator, tripyridyltriazine (TPTZ) or bathophenanthroline

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11
Q

Into plus Fe

It is involved in the transport of oxygen like phosphate

A

Ironnn

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12
Q

Into plus Fe

N.V. For iron

A

M: 66-170 ug/dL
F: 50-170 ug/dL

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13
Q

Into plus Fe

Ions capable of carrying an electric charge

A

Electrolytes

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14
Q

Into plus Fe

2 types of ions based on their electrical charge

A

Cations (+)Anions (-)

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15
Q

Into plus Fe

Explain ions migrating capabilities.

A

Cations migrate towards the cathode.

Anions migrate towards the anode.

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16
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in volume and osmotic regulation

A

Na+, Cl-, K+

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17
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in myocardial rhythm and contractility

A

K+, Mg2+, Ca2+

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18
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes acting as cofactors in enzyme activation

A

Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+

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19
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in the regulation of ATPase ion pumps

A

Mg2+, Na+, K+

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20
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in acid-base balance

A

HCO3-, K+, Cl-

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21
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in blood coagulation

A

Mg2+, Ca2+

22
Q

Into plus Fe

Electolytes involved in neuromuscular excitability

A

K+, Mg2+, Ca2+

23
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in the production and use of ATP from glucose

A

Mg2+, PO4-

24
Q

Into plus Fe

Processes in which electrolytes are essential.

A 
Volume and osmotic regulation
Myocardial rhythm and contractility
Cofactors in enzyme regulation
Regulation of ATPase ion pumps
Acid-base balance
Blood coagulation
Neuromuscular excitability
Production and use of ATP from glucose
25
Q

Into plus Fe

Women have lower average water content than males bec?

A

Higher fat content

26
Q

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Average water content of the human body

A

40-75% but also depends on body weight

27
Q

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Fluid inside the cells

A

Intracellular fluid

28
Q

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Water that Surrounds the cells in the tissue

A

Interstitial cell fluid

29
Q

Into plus Fe

With energy; acts against concentration gradient

A

Active transport

30
Q

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Accounts for about 1/3 of total body water

A

Extracellular fluid

31
Q

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The passive movement of ions across a membrane

A

Diffusion

32
Q

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Percentage of water in normal plasma

A

93%

33
Q

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Water in plasma

A

Intravascular extracellular fluid

34
Q

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Normal plasma osmolality

A

Approx. 275-295m Osm/kg of plasma H2

35
Q

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A physical property of a solution that is based on the concentration of solutes per kilogram of solvent expressed as millimoles per kg of solvent (w/w)

A

Osmolality

36
Q

Into plus Fe

Measured in millimoles per liter (w/v)

A

Osmolarity

37
Q

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Osmolarity is inaccurate in cases of:

A

Hyperlipidemia and hyperproteinemia
For urine specimens
In presence of osmotically active substances (ex. alcohol and mannitol)

38
Q

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Enumerate the transport processes

A

Active transportPassive transport

39
Q

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High osmolality means that there is less water than solute

A

Water deficit

40
Q

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Low osmolality means that there is more water than solute

A

Water excess

41
Q

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Hypernatremia means that there is less water than sodium

A

Water deficit

42
Q

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Hyponatremia means that there is more water than sodium

A

Water excess

43
Q

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ADH effect on water

A

ADH prevents water loss

44
Q

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ADH is produced where?

A

Hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland

45
Q

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Explain osmolality regulation/correlation

A

If High osmolality is sensed, hypothalamus is stimulated to produce ADH and the sensation of thirst. Being thirsty, one is compelled to consume more fluids not unless one if of old age, an infant, with mental impairment or just lazy. Consuming more fluids will increase water content in ECF that will dilute elevated solute and will eventually lower osmolality.

46
Q

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It is the parameter to which the hypothalamus responds

A

Osmolality

47
Q

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Sodium concentration in plasma is affected by:

A

OsmolalityBlood volume

48
Q

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Clinical significance of osmolality

A

-the parameter to which hypothalamus responds-affects the sodium concentration in plasma

49
Q

Into plus Fe

Shits that have Normally high osmolality

A

Sodium, urea, glucose

50
Q

Into plus Fe

How: Calculation of osmolality

A

D ko rin maintindihan, pakibasa na lang tapos explain niyo sakin. Thanks.

51
Q

Into plus Fe

An estimate of the true osmolality or to determine the osmolal gap -the difference bet the measurement and calculated osmolality -indirectly indicates the presence of the osmotically active substances other than sodium, urea or glucose

A

Calculation of osmolality????

52
Q

Into plus Fe

Reference ranges of water

A 
Serum: 275-295 mOsm/kg
Urine (24hr): 300-900 mOsm/kg
Urine/serum ratio: 1.0-3.0
Random urine: 50-1200 mOsm/kg
Osmolal gap: 5-10 mOsm/kg

Clinical Chemistry 2 (11 decks)

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