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Clinical Chemistry 2 > Intro Electrolytes plus FE > Flashcards

Intro Electrolytes plus FE Flashcards

TO PASS CC.

1
Q

Into plus Fe

Storage form of Fe

A

Ferritin

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2
Q

Into plus Fe

Where is iron stored

A

Liver, spleen, bone marrow

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3
Q

Into plus Fe

Iron transport protein

A

Transferrin

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4
Q

Into plus Fe

Aggregates of ferritin

A

Hemosiderin

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5
Q

Into plus Fe

Significantly high levels of iron

A

Iron overload

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6
Q

Into plus Fe

Causes of iron overload

A

Hemolytic anemia
Lead poisoning
Pernicious anemia
Acute hepatitis

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7
Q

Into plus Fe

Measures transferrin level

A

Total iron binding capacity

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8
Q

Into plus Fe

Significantly low levels of iron

A

Iron deficiency

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9
Q

Into plus Fe

Causes of iron deficiency

A

Chronic blood loss
Uremia
Impaired release of iron from RES due to infection
Acute hemorrhage

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10
Q

Into plus Fe

Explain serum iron analysis

A

Acidification using HCl to convert ferrous ion to ferric ion. Addition of glycolic acid or ascorbic acid to reduce ferric ion to shit (d ko mbsa HO). Change in solution’s color as the color indicator, tripyridyltriazine (TPTZ) or bathophenanthroline

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11
Q

Into plus Fe

It is involved in the transport of oxygen like phosphate

A

Ironnn

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12
Q

Into plus Fe

N.V. For iron

A

M: 66-170 ug/dL
F: 50-170 ug/dL

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13
Q

Into plus Fe

Ions capable of carrying an electric charge

A

Electrolytes

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14
Q

Into plus Fe

2 types of ions based on their electrical charge

A

Cations (+)Anions (-)

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15
Q

Into plus Fe

Explain ions migrating capabilities.

A

Cations migrate towards the cathode.

Anions migrate towards the anode.

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16
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in volume and osmotic regulation

A

Na+, Cl-, K+

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17
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in myocardial rhythm and contractility

A

K+, Mg2+, Ca2+

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18
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes acting as cofactors in enzyme activation

A

Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+

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19
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in the regulation of ATPase ion pumps

A

Mg2+, Na+, K+

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20
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in acid-base balance

A

HCO3-, K+, Cl-

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21
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in blood coagulation

A

Mg2+, Ca2+

22
Q

Into plus Fe

Electolytes involved in neuromuscular excitability

A

K+, Mg2+, Ca2+

23
Q

Into plus Fe

Electrolytes involved in the production and use of ATP from glucose

A

Mg2+, PO4-

24
Q

Into plus Fe

Processes in which electrolytes are essential.

A 
Volume and osmotic regulation
Myocardial rhythm and contractility
Cofactors in enzyme regulation
Regulation of ATPase ion pumps
Acid-base balance
Blood coagulation
Neuromuscular excitability
Production and use of ATP from glucose
25
# Into plus Fe Women have lower average water content than males bec?
Higher fat content
26
# Into plus Fe Average water content of the human body
40-75% but also depends on body weight
27
# Into plus Fe Fluid inside the cells
Intracellular fluid
28
# Into plus Fe Water that Surrounds the cells in the tissue
Interstitial cell fluid
29
# Into plus Fe With energy; acts against concentration gradient
Active transport
30
# Into plus Fe Accounts for about 1/3 of total body water
Extracellular fluid
31
# Into plus Fe The passive movement of ions across a membrane
Diffusion
32
# Into plus Fe Percentage of water in normal plasma
93%
33
# Into plus Fe Water in plasma
Intravascular extracellular fluid
34
# Into plus Fe Normal plasma osmolality
Approx. 275-295m Osm/kg of plasma H2
35
# Into plus Fe A physical property of a solution that is based on the concentration of solutes per kilogram of solvent expressed as millimoles per kg of solvent (w/w)
Osmolality
36
# Into plus Fe Measured in millimoles per liter (w/v)
Osmolarity
37
# Into plus Fe Osmolarity is inaccurate in cases of:
Hyperlipidemia and hyperproteinemia For urine specimens In presence of osmotically active substances (ex. alcohol and mannitol)
38
# Into plus Fe Enumerate the transport processes
Active transportPassive transport
39
# Into plus Fe High osmolality means that there is less water than solute
Water deficit
40
# Into plus Fe Low osmolality means that there is more water than solute
Water excess
41
# Into plus Fe Hypernatremia means that there is less water than sodium
Water deficit
42
# Into plus Fe Hyponatremia means that there is more water than sodium
Water excess
43
# Into plus Fe ADH effect on water
ADH prevents water loss
44
# Into plus Fe ADH is produced where?
Hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland
45
# Into plus Fe Explain osmolality regulation/correlation
If High osmolality is sensed, hypothalamus is stimulated to produce ADH and the sensation of thirst. Being thirsty, one is compelled to consume more fluids not unless one if of old age, an infant, with mental impairment or just lazy. Consuming more fluids will increase water content in ECF that will dilute elevated solute and will eventually lower osmolality.
46
# Into plus Fe It is the parameter to which the hypothalamus responds
Osmolality
47
# Into plus Fe Sodium concentration in plasma is affected by:
OsmolalityBlood volume
48
# Into plus Fe Clinical significance of osmolality
-the parameter to which hypothalamus responds-affects the sodium concentration in plasma
49
# Into plus Fe Shits that have Normally high osmolality
Sodium, urea, glucose
50
# Into plus Fe How: Calculation of osmolality
D ko rin maintindihan, pakibasa na lang tapos explain niyo sakin. Thanks.
51
# Into plus Fe An estimate of the true osmolality or to determine the osmolal gap -the difference bet the measurement and calculated osmolality -indirectly indicates the presence of the osmotically active substances other than sodium, urea or glucose
Calculation of osmolality????
52
# Into plus Fe Reference ranges of water
``` Serum: 275-295 mOsm/kg Urine (24hr): 300-900 mOsm/kg Urine/serum ratio: 1.0-3.0 Random urine: 50-1200 mOsm/kg Osmolal gap: 5-10 mOsm/kg ```

Clinical Chemistry 2 (11 decks)

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