Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Trends > Trace Drugs > Flashcards

Trace Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the challenges of trace drugs

A
  • knowing where to sample
  • small amounts of sample (you need some bias in order to know what to test for first)
  • mass specs are always in the lab (so they won’t be at the scene, and PO can’t use it)
  • contamination (you swab a table, won’t just find cocaine but tons of other things)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is pink cocaine

A
  • contains a mix of
  • ketamine
  • methamphetamine, cocaine, opiods, or MDMA/ecstasy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

true/false pink cocaine is mostly cocaine

A
  • false
  • it typically contains little, if any, cocaine, which adds to its danger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

schedules are based on what

A
  • how unsafe they are for us
  • 1 is most highly controlled, and become less as the number goes up
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is schedule I drugs defined by DEA

A

substances or chemicals with no current accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is schedule II drugs defined by DEA

A

substances or chemicals with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is schedule III drugs defined by DEA

A

substance or chemicals with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is schedule IV drugs defined by DEA

A

substances or chemicals with low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is schedule V drugs defined by DEA

A

substances or chemicals with lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which drugs are included under schedule I

A
  • Opium Poppy
  • Cocaine
  • Phenylpiperidines
  • phenazepines
  • amidones
  • methadols
  • fentanyls
  • amphethamines
  • GHB
  • And their salts, derivates…
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which drugs are included under schedule III

A
  • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
  • cathinones
  • and their salts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which drugs are included under schedule II

A

synthetic cannabinoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which drugs are included under schedule IV

A
  • barbiturates
  • benzodiazepines
  • their salts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

true/false First responders, crime scene examiners, and forensic scientists are all in need of rapid and cost-effective procedures for the identification of drugs

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

true/false swabbing the outside of packages/containers can lead to determination if drug is hidden in a package or shipping container

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

true/false Customs and Border Protection Officers inspect and seize goods that are known of being used to conceal contraband coming from overseas

A
  • False
  • goods that are suspected of being…
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does law enforcement test for trace drugs

A

presumptive tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

true/false colour or spot tests are an acceptable way to presumptive test

A
  • true
  • follow w confirmatory ones later
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

colour or spot tests serve as ______ identification

A

presumptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the difference between A B and C category tests

A
  • A confirmatory
  • B semi-confirmatory
  • C not confirmatory at all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

colour tests are recognized as category _____ test

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

true/false forensic labs often incorporate colour tests as part of the analytical scheme for drug identification

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

true/false category C tests can positively identify a drug

A
  • false
  • must be combines w the results of a test having greater discriminatory power to do that
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the A B and C category tests are to what standard

A

OSAC-approved standard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what colour tests are used by law enforcement officers in the field for presumptive identification of drugs

A

commercially prepared field test kits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

true/false the commercially prepared field test kits that law enforcement officers in the field for presumptive identification of drugs are specific to a single chemical compound

A
  • false
  • just helps direct their confirmatory tests
  • allows police to make arrest decisions and how to impound evidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the commercially prepared field test kits that law enforcement officers in the field for presumptive identification of drugs do what

A
  • helps direct their confirmatory tests
  • allows police to make arrest decisions and how to impound evidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the colour test for cocaine

A

scott test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how does the scott test work

A
  • presumptive test for cocaine
  • combine tin and cobalt solutions (reagents)
  • add a solid
  • if there is cocaine, the colour will turn burn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

where can field tests establish enough probable cause to arrest a suspect

A

in arizona

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

true/false in arizona, field tests establish enough probable cause to charge a suspect

A
  • False
  • arrest, not chargee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

true/false in arizona, field tests can be used in a trial

A
  • false
  • confirmatory identification of the suspected drug is performed by a forensic lab if it makes it to trial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

why do we need to confirm after doing colour tests

A
  • identify false positives
  • many of the tests are one use only
  • presumptive tests aren’t always specific to just one drug class, so a secondary test can narrow down exactly what it is
  • identify false neg (lack of sensitivity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is trunarc

A
  • handhelf device
  • points at a drug and will tell you what it is
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

true/false trunarc is confirmatory

A
  • false but also true in some countries
  • semi-confirmatory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

true/false The global drug problem is increasing

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is making The global drug problem increase

A
  • trafficking of methamphetamines, heroin
  • emerging threats like fentanyl, and carfentanil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what does the Thermo Scientific™ TruNarc™ Handheld Narcotics Analyzer enables______________ to scan more than 530 suspected controlled substances in a single, definitive test

A
  • officers
  • customs
  • border control
  • other personnel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what does the Thermo Scientific™ TruNarc™ Handheld Narcotics Analyzer enables officers, customs, border control, and other personnel to do what

A

scan more than 530 suspected controlled substances in a single, definitive test

40
Q

what can TreNarc test for

A
  • narcotics
  • stimulants
  • depressants
  • hallucinogens
  • analgesics
41
Q

why has Raman spectroscopy has been extensively deployed for use in homeland security applications

A
  • high chem specificity
  • each chem substance has a unique spectral fingerprint
42
Q

true/false raman can tell the diff between morphine and heroin

A

true

43
Q

true/false raman works based on structural differences

A

true

44
Q

which is which: Morphine, Hydrocodone, Codeine

A

a) Morphine,
b) Codeine, and
c) Hydrocodone

45
Q

what different fentanyl variants can TruNarc identify

A
  • Carfentanyl
  • Acryl fentanyl
  • Fentanyl precursors (a substructure/ fragment of its structure) (NPP, ANPP)
  • Fentanyl derivatives
  • Fentanyl
  • Alfentanil (a pharmaceutical)
  • sufentanil (a pharmaceutical)
46
Q

what is this

A

NPP

47
Q

what is this

A

ANPP

48
Q

what is this

A

fentanyl

49
Q

what can the TruNarc results do in court

A
  • expedites prosecution
  • reducing the time
  • reduces administrative burden
  • captures scan results, including time and date stamps. all results are stored and saved
50
Q

can TruNarc be used in court

A
  • depends on jurisdiction
  • may be allowed at prelim hearings
51
Q

where is IONSCAN 600 used

A
  • prisons
  • airports
52
Q

what can IONSCAN 600 detect

A
  • Ketamine
  • Cocaine
  • MDMA
  • Methamphetamine
  • THC
  • W-18
  • Synthetic cannabinoids
53
Q

what is W-18

A
  • an analgesic made in the 80s
  • schedule 1 in canada
54
Q

what does synthetic mean

A

made in the lab

55
Q

true/false IONSCAN 600 can distinguish between different varieties of the same drug

A

true

56
Q

IONSCAN 600 is based on what

A

ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)

57
Q

what are the major challenges in seized drug analysis

A
  • throughput/backlog millions of drug cases are analyzed each year
  • novel psychoactive substances (NPS) and emerging drugs,
  • sample complexity
  • changes to the law
58
Q

what is the most frequently analyzed type of case in forensic labs in the US

A

drug cases

59
Q

how many drug offences a year are there in canada (2023)

A

about 45k

60
Q

how does the rise of emerging drugs make seized drug analysis harder

A
  • there is a lack of reference data or standards for these compounds
  • we have nothing to identify exactly what it is
61
Q

The continuing emergence of new substances in this area adds to concerns that consumers of cannabis may be at risk of what

A

risk of inadvertent exposure to synthetic cannabinoids

62
Q

_______ may appear similar to unadulterated cannabis

A

adulterated cannabis

63
Q

what makes adulterated cannabis dangerous

A
  • may appear similar to unadulterated cannabis
  • can be mis-sold as cannabis to unsuspecting consumers
64
Q

true/false Synthetic cannabinoids also sometimes appear in samples of other drugs

A

true

65
Q

when did semi-synthetic cannabinoids start to appear on the europeans drug market

A

2022

66
Q

what was the first semi-synthetic cannabinoids to appear on the european drug market

A

HHC= hexaxydro cannabinol

67
Q

HHC is a derivate of what

A

THC

68
Q

true/false HHC is synthetic

A

true

69
Q

why did several cannabis oils and gels get recalled by health canada in august 2024

A

cause there was a lot of HHC in it, but it wasn’t on the label

70
Q

In May 2023, for example, an unusual and unexpected outbreak of non-fatal poisonings involving more than 20 people was reported in Paris, France, caused by what

A

heroin adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids

71
Q

in April 2023, Lithuania reported what

A

the seizure of heroin adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids

72
Q

The ________ of NPS and emerging drugs has led to case submissions where the controlled or emerging substance is no longer the major constituent

A

high toxicity

73
Q

The high toxicity of NPS and emerging drugs has led to case submissions where what is happening

A
  • the controlled or emerging substance is no longer the major constituent
  • Many submissions now contain a variety of diluents and cutting agents along with a minor amount of the substance of interest
74
Q

new substances are becoming controlled how

A

on a rolling basis

75
Q

When new compounds become controlled, laboratories must reassess what

A
  • their methods and ability to not only detect these newly controlled compounds
  • to differentiate them from other, uncontrolled substances.
76
Q

what can false positives cause

A

May result in the wrongful arrest, prosecution, and detainment of an innocent individual

77
Q

how many jurisdictions will accept guilty please based solely on field tests in the US

A

9/10

78
Q

how much of police tests for meth were false positives

A

21%

79
Q

true/false The majority of crime labs do not test a substance after a defendant pleads guilty

A

true

80
Q

when will false positives happen

A
  • some random over the counter items
  • household items
  • the exposure of the test to air or extreme temp
81
Q

tylenol PM may test positive for what

A

cocaine

82
Q

mucinex may test pos for what

A

heroin

83
Q

chocolate may test pos for what

A

marijuana

84
Q

soaps may test pos for what

A

GHB

85
Q

what is a major limitation of field tests

A
  • technical limitations
  • subjectivity and human error of PO
  • PO are expected to interpret results within minutes
86
Q

what drug can test false pos in the tin and cobalt test we mentioned earlier for cocaine

A

fentanyl

87
Q

what does CDSW stand for

A

canadian drug and substance watch

88
Q

what is CDSW

A
  • a drug early warning system designed to highlight new and emerging substances on the illegal drug market.
  • tells us which drugs are emerging and where
  • per province every 6-7 months
89
Q

what is the best way to stay up to date on upcoming drugs

A
  1. waste water testing
  2. seized drug samples
  3. web monitoring
90
Q

in R v Naccarato 2017, which drugs were mentioned

A
  • heroin
  • fentanyl
  • cannabis
  • cocaine
  • meth
  • MDMA
91
Q

in R v Naccarato 2017, which drugs were not mentioned

A
  • GHB
  • LSD
  • NPP
92
Q

according to statista.com, which drug is most commonly found

A
  • fentanyl
  • 49% of drugs brought in have some mix of fentanyl
  • 21% have meth
93
Q

what did the FRSC LIT PAPER 2 tell us

A
  • A canadian study using on-site testing for chemicals
  • It can figure out the amount of the drug present (it is ____% fentanyl etc)
  • Was able to do this for 49 drugs and also flag some other random drugs
94
Q

what did the FRSC LIT PAPER 1 tell us

A
  • the abundance of various drugs in Maryland
  • most was fentanyl
  • then xylazine
  • then caffeien
  • least was levamisole
95
Q

what is the xylazine street name

A

tranq?

96
Q

why was caffeine listed as a drug

A

just a filler drug

97
Q
A

Trends (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions