Firearms and Ammunition Flashcards
the first article showed in this lecture was related to what
the seizing of guns and ammo from men back in 2023 in edmonton
the canadian firearms program does what
- oversees firearms licences and registration
- maintains national firearm safety training standards
- assists law enforcement agencies
- aims to enhance public safety
what does CFP stand for
canadian firearms program
firearms in canada are regulated by what
- firearms act
- part III of the CC
what is not a firearm
- antique firearms
- devices designed exclusively for:
signaling
notifying of distress
firing blank cartridges
firing stud cartridges
explosive-driven rivets - shooting devices designed exclusively for
slaughtering domestic animals
tranquilizing animals
how does the CC define a firearm
- a barelled weapon
- that discharged projectiles
- capable of causing bodily harm or death
- or anything that can be adapted as a firearm
what are the diff classes of firearms in canada
- non-restricted
- restricted
- prohibited
what are non-restricted firearms
any rifle or shotgun that is neither restricted nor prohibited
what are restricted firearms
- handguns that are not prohibited firearms
- firearms that have a barrel less than 470mm in length
what are prohibited firearms
- handguns w barrels >=105mm in length
- handguns designed or adapted to discharge a 25 or 32 calibre cartridge
- firearms adapted from a rifle or shotgun, by any alteration
- automatic firearms
what are class characteristics
- first level
- common features shared by a specific sub-group of the entire population
what are some things that are looked at to indicate a common group source
- number, width, direction of land and groove impressions
- calibre
- shape of firing pin
what are individual characteristics
things unique to that firearm
when do individual characteristics arise
- during the manufacturing process
- also as a result of use, abuse, corrosion, rust, wear
describe using cartidges to compare guns
- cartridge cases come into contact w various parts of the firearm when its fired/ cycled through the firearm
- so it’ll gain microscopic marks from diff areas
true/false the cartridge needs to be fired for the marks to be transferred
- FALSE
- simply loading a cartridge into it can cause unique marks
when will rifling transfer marks to the bullet
as it passes down the barrel during firing
what is rifling
helical spiral cut grooved in the interior surface (bore) of a firearm barrel that imparts rotary motion to a projectile
what does CIBIN stand for
canadian integrated ballistics identification network
who maintains CIBIN
RCMP in ottawa
what does IBIS stand for
integrated ballistics identification system
what does CIBIN do
- gets info about bullets and cartirdges/ shotshells from IBIS
- then sent to CIBIN
- assists police in linking crime scenes or items
what is NIBIN
national integrated ballistics information network (CIBIN but in the US)
what is a GRC file
a searchable database created by the FBI that lists various firearms makes and models according to class characteristics
what is weapon sanitization
- removal of serial numbers as an example
- makes it harder for the firearm to be traced
- important both nationally and internationally
whats an example of weapon sanitization in the news
- lawrence case
- 2 lawrence men tried to melt a gun in a microwave at a hotel
- it exploded
- the firearm has an obliterated serial number, so police think maybe they were trying to melt the number off the weapon
what does the lawrence case show
weapon sanitization (gun in microwave)
tampering with firearm serial number charge is covered where
- s108 of the CC
- found in part III “Firearms and Other Weapons”
what is the charge for tampering with firearm serial number
imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years
whats an example of 3D printing weapons in the news
the weapon found in the backpack of Luigi may have been a 3D printed pistol
what is a ghost gun
a privately-manufactured firearm w anonymous origins- therefore untraceable
what does PMF stand for
privately-manufactured firearm
true/false in Canada, it is illegal to make your own firearms without the proper firearms license
true
true/false Homemade ghost guns have no serial number
true
true/false Untraceable 3D-printed ‘ghost guns’ on the rise in Canada
true
how many 3D printed firearms were seized by police in 2022
more than 100
when will identification happen
- there is agreement of class characteristics and
- sufficient/overall agreement in the individual markings observed on the two items
what is the false identification rate related to bullets
0.6%
what is the false identification rate related to cartridge casing
0.9%
what will inconclusive happen
- there is agreement of class characteristics
- with neither sufficient/overall agreement nor disagreement in the individual markings observed on the two items
what is the main contributor to inconclusive results
- bullets
- ~60%
when will elimination happen
- there is disagreement of class characteristics or
- when there is an agreement of class characteristics with sufficient/overall disagreement in the individual markings observed on the two items.
what is the false elimination rate related to cartridge casing
1.8%
what is the false elimination rate related to bullets
2.8%
describe the R v Perez 2019 case
- police get 911 call about shots being fired
- they seize Perez’s car, an elantra
- elantra was taken to a forensic garage and remove the seals
- evidence consistent w a bullet hole
- retrieval of the projectiles
- cop took photos
- noticed a bullet hole in the rear bumper below the licence plate
- bullet passed through the rear bumper and into the trunk
- bullet was not found
- they got a second warrant and seizes the loaded 9mm handgun from the glove box
- used trajectory rods to locate the bullet
- found the bullet on the floor of the trunk
true/false Bullet ricochet is a common occurrence in shooting incidents
true
what are the main factors responsible for the ricochet behaviours of bullets
- Ricochet surface type and its reaction
- bullet angle of incidence
- bullet type
- shape and construction
- impact velocity
what did the ricochet bullet study use for its bullets and surface
- pistole bullets (9 x 19 mm Luger)
- glazed ceramic wall and floor tiles
The ricochet angles reported for _____ degree incident angles differed greatly from those reported for _______ degrees
- 5 and 7
- 9 to 13
the bullet at 5 degree was _____ (higher/ lower) than the 11 degree degree shows more severe deformation in the study
- lower
- the 11 degree was worse than 5
what kind of ricochet mark was seen on the tiles after shot was fired
caterpillar
When the bullet continues to slide after impact, the surface experiences _____ (less/more) deformation
more
the more the bullet deforms, the _____ (lesser/greater) the interaction with the surface, and a _____ (lesser/greater) amount of mark
- greater
- greater
true/false The design of the bullet used will affect how the soft tissue is damaged
true
what was the hypothesis of the study related to gunshot wounds in the long bone
The bullet caliber influences the velocity due to the differences in grain (mass)
0.38 ammunition is ____ (lighter/heavier) than 9 mm ammunition
heavier
0.38 and 9 mm ammunition measure _______ (same/ different) physical dimension
the same
0.38 and 9 mm ammo is ______ (smaller/ larger) than 0.22 ammo
larger (by about 50%)
true/false differences were found between 0.22 caliber and 0.38 caliber entrance wounds
true
true/false differences were found between 0.22 caliber and 9 mm entrance wounds
true
true/false differences were found between 9mm and 0.38 caliber entrance wounds
false
what things affect the degredation of fingerprints on firearm cartridges
- high temps
- mechanical factors (like friction and impact)
- fatty acids and triglycerides
what things were detected in unfired and fired cartridges deposited w fingermarks
- Myristic acid
- pentadecanoic acid
- palmitoleic acid
- palmitic acid
- stearic acid
- squalene
- cholesterol
the amount of lipids present in fingerprints varies based on what (the person)
- diet
- sex
- age
- individual characteristics
what may interfere w the quantity of lipids deposited on diff surfaces (not the person)
- method of collection
- the pressure exerted by the finger on the surface
- the angle and duration of deposition
true/false a correlation of lipid degradation in the fingerprint with increase in temperature when the gun was fired could be made
- false (it couldn’t)
- except a 28% decrease for squalene
