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Trends > Firearms and Ammunition > Flashcards

Firearms and Ammunition Flashcards

1
Q

the first article showed in this lecture was related to what

A

the seizing of guns and ammo from men back in 2023 in edmonton

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2
Q

the canadian firearms program does what

A
  • oversees firearms licences and registration
  • maintains national firearm safety training standards
  • assists law enforcement agencies
  • aims to enhance public safety
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3
Q

what does CFP stand for

A

canadian firearms program

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4
Q

firearms in canada are regulated by what

A
  • firearms act
  • part III of the CC
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5
Q

what is not a firearm

A
  • antique firearms
  • devices designed exclusively for:
    signaling
    notifying of distress
    firing blank cartridges
    firing stud cartridges
    explosive-driven rivets
  • shooting devices designed exclusively for
    slaughtering domestic animals
    tranquilizing animals
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6
Q

how does the CC define a firearm

A
  • a barelled weapon
  • that discharged projectiles
  • capable of causing bodily harm or death
  • or anything that can be adapted as a firearm
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7
Q

what are the diff classes of firearms in canada

A
  • non-restricted
  • restricted
  • prohibited
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8
Q

what are non-restricted firearms

A

any rifle or shotgun that is neither restricted nor prohibited

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9
Q

what are restricted firearms

A
  • handguns that are not prohibited firearms
  • firearms that have a barrel less than 470mm in length
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10
Q

what are prohibited firearms

A
  • handguns w barrels >=105mm in length
  • handguns designed or adapted to discharge a 25 or 32 calibre cartridge
  • firearms adapted from a rifle or shotgun, by any alteration
  • automatic firearms
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11
Q

what are class characteristics

A
  • first level
  • common features shared by a specific sub-group of the entire population
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12
Q

what are some things that are looked at to indicate a common group source

A
  • number, width, direction of land and groove impressions
  • calibre
  • shape of firing pin
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13
Q

what are individual characteristics

A

things unique to that firearm

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14
Q

when do individual characteristics arise

A
  • during the manufacturing process
  • also as a result of use, abuse, corrosion, rust, wear
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15
Q

describe using cartidges to compare guns

A
  • cartridge cases come into contact w various parts of the firearm when its fired/ cycled through the firearm
  • so it’ll gain microscopic marks from diff areas
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16
Q

true/false the cartridge needs to be fired for the marks to be transferred

A
  • FALSE
  • simply loading a cartridge into it can cause unique marks
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17
Q

when will rifling transfer marks to the bullet

A

as it passes down the barrel during firing

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18
Q

what is rifling

A

helical spiral cut grooved in the interior surface (bore) of a firearm barrel that imparts rotary motion to a projectile

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19
Q

what does CIBIN stand for

A

canadian integrated ballistics identification network

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20
Q

who maintains CIBIN

A

RCMP in ottawa

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21
Q

what does IBIS stand for

A

integrated ballistics identification system

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22
Q

what does CIBIN do

A
  • gets info about bullets and cartirdges/ shotshells from IBIS
  • then sent to CIBIN
  • assists police in linking crime scenes or items
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23
Q

what is NIBIN

A

national integrated ballistics information network (CIBIN but in the US)

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24
Q

what is a GRC file

A

a searchable database created by the FBI that lists various firearms makes and models according to class characteristics

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25
Q

what is weapon sanitization

A
  • removal of serial numbers as an example
  • makes it harder for the firearm to be traced
  • important both nationally and internationally
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26
Q

whats an example of weapon sanitization in the news

A
  • lawrence case
  • 2 lawrence men tried to melt a gun in a microwave at a hotel
  • it exploded
  • the firearm has an obliterated serial number, so police think maybe they were trying to melt the number off the weapon
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27
Q

what does the lawrence case show

A

weapon sanitization (gun in microwave)

28
Q

tampering with firearm serial number charge is covered where

A
  • s108 of the CC
  • found in part III “Firearms and Other Weapons”
29
Q

what is the charge for tampering with firearm serial number

A

imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years

30
Q

whats an example of 3D printing weapons in the news

A

the weapon found in the backpack of Luigi may have been a 3D printed pistol

31
Q

what is a ghost gun

A

a privately-manufactured firearm w anonymous origins- therefore untraceable

32
Q

what does PMF stand for

A

privately-manufactured firearm

33
Q

true/false in Canada, it is illegal to make your own firearms without the proper firearms license

A

true

34
Q

true/false Homemade ghost guns have no serial number

A

true

35
Q

true/false Untraceable 3D-printed ‘ghost guns’ on the rise in Canada

A

true

36
Q

how many 3D printed firearms were seized by police in 2022

A

more than 100

37
Q

when will identification happen

A
  • there is agreement of class characteristics and
  • sufficient/overall agreement in the individual markings observed on the two items
38
Q

what is the false identification rate related to bullets

A

0.6%

39
Q

what is the false identification rate related to cartridge casing

A

0.9%

40
Q

what will inconclusive happen

A
  • there is agreement of class characteristics
  • with neither sufficient/overall agreement nor disagreement in the individual markings observed on the two items
41
Q

what is the main contributor to inconclusive results

A
  • bullets
  • ~60%
42
Q

when will elimination happen

A
  • there is disagreement of class characteristics or
  • when there is an agreement of class characteristics with sufficient/overall disagreement in the individual markings observed on the two items.
43
Q

what is the false elimination rate related to cartridge casing

A

1.8%

44
Q

what is the false elimination rate related to bullets

A

2.8%

45
Q

describe the R v Perez 2019 case

A
  • police get 911 call about shots being fired
  • they seize Perez’s car, an elantra
  • elantra was taken to a forensic garage and remove the seals
  • evidence consistent w a bullet hole
  • retrieval of the projectiles
  • cop took photos
  • noticed a bullet hole in the rear bumper below the licence plate
  • bullet passed through the rear bumper and into the trunk
  • bullet was not found
  • they got a second warrant and seizes the loaded 9mm handgun from the glove box
  • used trajectory rods to locate the bullet
  • found the bullet on the floor of the trunk
46
Q

true/false Bullet ricochet is a common occurrence in shooting incidents

A

true

47
Q

what are the main factors responsible for the ricochet behaviours of bullets

A
  • Ricochet surface type and its reaction
  • bullet angle of incidence
  • bullet type
  • shape and construction
  • impact velocity
48
Q

what did the ricochet bullet study use for its bullets and surface

A
  • pistole bullets (9 x 19 mm Luger)
  • glazed ceramic wall and floor tiles
49
Q

The ricochet angles reported for _____ degree incident angles differed greatly from those reported for _______ degrees

A
  • 5 and 7
  • 9 to 13
50
Q

the bullet at 5 degree was _____ (higher/ lower) than the 11 degree degree shows more severe deformation in the study

A
  • lower
  • the 11 degree was worse than 5
51
Q

what kind of ricochet mark was seen on the tiles after shot was fired

A

caterpillar

52
Q

When the bullet continues to slide after impact, the surface experiences _____ (less/more) deformation

A

more

53
Q

the more the bullet deforms, the _____ (lesser/greater) the interaction with the surface, and a _____ (lesser/greater) amount of mark

A
  • greater
  • greater
54
Q

true/false The design of the bullet used will affect how the soft tissue is damaged

A

true

55
Q

what was the hypothesis of the study related to gunshot wounds in the long bone

A

The bullet caliber influences the velocity due to the differences in grain (mass)

56
Q

0.38 ammunition is ____ (lighter/heavier) than 9 mm ammunition

A

heavier

57
Q

0.38 and 9 mm ammunition measure _______ (same/ different) physical dimension

A

the same

58
Q

0.38 and 9 mm ammo is ______ (smaller/ larger) than 0.22 ammo

A

larger (by about 50%)

59
Q

true/false differences were found between 0.22 caliber and 0.38 caliber entrance wounds

A

true

60
Q

true/false differences were found between 0.22 caliber and 9 mm entrance wounds

A

true

61
Q

true/false differences were found between 9mm and 0.38 caliber entrance wounds

A

false

62
Q

what things affect the degredation of fingerprints on firearm cartridges

A
  • high temps
  • mechanical factors (like friction and impact)
  • fatty acids and triglycerides
63
Q

what things were detected in unfired and fired cartridges deposited w fingermarks

A
  • Myristic acid
  • pentadecanoic acid
  • palmitoleic acid
  • palmitic acid
  • stearic acid
  • squalene
  • cholesterol
64
Q

the amount of lipids present in fingerprints varies based on what (the person)

A
  • diet
  • sex
  • age
  • individual characteristics
65
Q

what may interfere w the quantity of lipids deposited on diff surfaces (not the person)

A
  • method of collection
  • the pressure exerted by the finger on the surface
  • the angle and duration of deposition
66
Q

true/false a correlation of lipid degradation in the fingerprint with increase in temperature when the gun was fired could be made

A
  • false (it couldn’t)
  • except a 28% decrease for squalene
67
Q
A

Trends (5 decks)

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