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Trends > Fingerprints > Flashcards

Fingerprints Flashcards

1
Q

According to the King Country video, when will we know if someone is in AFIS

A

within 30 mins

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2
Q

According to the King Country video, fingerprints are found in how many crime scenes

A

67%

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3
Q

According to the King Country video, how many of found prints are identified

A

37%

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4
Q

According to the King Country video, how many of found prints are a different conclusion than identification

A

63%

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5
Q

what is the canadian equivilant for NIJ

A

there is none

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6
Q

what are the commonly used fingerprint classes

A
  • whorl
  • right loop
  • arch
  • tented arch
  • left loop
  • double loop
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7
Q

what three primary glands contribute to the production of sweat

A
  1. eccrine
  2. appocrine
  3. sebacious
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8
Q

what are the chemical compounds found in eccrine glands

A
  • urea
  • lactate
  • note that they’re small molecules
  • there are lots of others, but these two are the main ones
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9
Q

what are the chemical compounds found in apocrine glands

A
  • proteins (polymer of AA)
  • sugars (carbs of 5-6 rings)
  • note that they’re larger molecules
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10
Q

what are the chemical compounds found in sebacious glands

A
  • fatty acids
  • triglycerides
  • note they’re both small molecules
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11
Q

true/false Each gland contributes a unique mixture of chemical compounds

A

true

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12
Q

what are the two possible ways for the chem compounds that form fingerprints to get to the friction ridge

A
  • either exude from the pores onto the ridges
  • transfered onto the ridges through touching an area
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13
Q

true/false it is a fair assumption that a latent print is a mix of all the secretions from all 3 types of glands

A
  • FALSE
  • is either a mix of some or all
  • depends on the eprson
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14
Q

what are the classes of surfaces

A
  • porous
  • nonporous
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15
Q

true/false nonporous surface absorb

A
  • FALSE
  • they repel moisture, and often appear polished
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16
Q

what are some nonporous surfaces

A
  • glass
  • plastic
  • metal
  • ceramic
  • laminete floor (fake wood)
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17
Q

latent prints on what type of surface are more susceptible to damage and why

A
  • nonporous
  • cause the fingerprint residue is on the outermost surface
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18
Q

what should be used for fingerprints on nonporous surfaces

A

cyanoacrylate (CA) superglue

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19
Q

how do we use the fuming of cyanoacrylate to develop fingerprints

A
  • exposure of a latent fingerprint to ethyl-cyanoacrylate vapor in an enclosed chamber
  • note that it MUST be ethyl-CA, not just CA
  • when the fingerprint comes in contact w the cyanoacrylate monomer in the vapour, white polymer grows along the ridges of the print
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20
Q

what are the issues of using the fuming of cyanoacrylate to develop fingerprints

A
  • if the substrate the print is on is white or transparent, we wont be able to see
  • we need a chamber, harsh chemicals, and lab
  • cannot be done onsite
  • destructive to evidence
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21
Q

what are some porous surfaces

A
  • paper
  • wood
  • cardboard
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22
Q

what are the best techniques for porous surfaces

A
  • amino acid techniques
  • cause AAs tend to remain stationary when absorbed, and won’t migrate
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23
Q

latent fingerprints on porous surfaces should be developed how

A
  • w ninhydrin
  • reacts w AA (proteins)
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24
Q

what surfaces can 1,2-Idanedione be used on

A
  • porous
  • nonporous
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25
Q

what is a safer, cheaper alternative used to develop fingerprints

A

1,2-Idanedione

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26
Q

how does 1,2-Idanedione work

A

makes fingerprints glow when hit by certain wavelengths of light

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27
Q

true/false 1,2-Idanedione can be used on site

A

true

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28
Q

true/false 1,2-Idanedione needs a chamber/ lab

A

false

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29
Q

how can we improve the development of latent fingerprints

A
  • offer increased sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio;
  • avoid background colour interference
  • be readily deployed at crime scenes;
  • be introduced in sequences of detection techniques or in sequences with other forensic investigation methods (e.g., DNA profiling);
  • simplify the detection process by reducing the number of steps or allowing automation;
  • reduce the overall cost of fingerprint processing;
  • avoid the use of hazardous chemicals
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30
Q

what does it mean if a fingerprint scored 0 on the Bandey scale

A
  • absence of any detail
  • no development
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31
Q

what does it mean if a fingerprint scored 1 on the Bandey scale

A
  • level 1 ridge characteristics
  • no continuous ridges: all discontinuous or dotty
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32
Q

what does it mean if a fingerprint scored 2 on the Bandey scale

A
  • level 2 ridge details present
  • 1/3 of the mark comprised of continuous ridges
  • remainder is no development or dotty
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33
Q

what does it mean if a fingerprint scored 3 on the Bandey scale

A
  • level 3 ridge details present
  • 2/3 of the mark comprised of continuous ridges
  • remaining is no development or dotty
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34
Q

what does it mean if a fingerprint scored 4 on the Bandey scale

A
  • full development
  • whole mark comprised of continuous ridges
  • very rarely seen
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35
Q

what is the scientific process to evaluate fingerprints

A

ACE-V

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36
Q

what does ACE-V stand for

A
  • analysis
  • comparison
  • evaluation
  • verification
37
Q

who came up with ACE-V and when

A
  • David Ashbaugh
  • 1980s
  • a canadian fingerprint expert
38
Q

what is involved in the analysis part of ACE-V

A

examiner assesses the unknown print to determine whether or not it is suitable for comparison

39
Q

what is involved in the comparison part of ACE-V

A

examiner analyzes the characteristic attributed to the FP and identifies conformities between the found and the unknown latent print

40
Q

what is involved in the evaluation part of ACE-V

A
  • examiner asks a few questions
  • are there any conformities between the revealed print and the known ones?
  • is there a sufficient number of minutiae to identify the unique correlation?
41
Q

what is involved in the evaluation part of ACE-V

A

come to a conclusion

42
Q

what are the possible conclusions for fingerprints

A
  • identified
  • not identified/ excluded
  • inconclusive
  • verified
43
Q

what is involved in the verification part of ACE-V

A

another FP examiner must make a conclusion

44
Q

Most law enforcement AFIS installations have the ability to perform what functions

A
  • search a set of known fingerprints against existing database with better than 99% accuracy
  • search latent prints against an existing database
45
Q

what are tenprints

A

known fingerprints

46
Q

what have been developed to allow other functions that expand AFIS capabilities

A

enhancements

47
Q

what are some enhancements that have been developed to allow other functions that expand AFIS capabilities

A
  • addition of palmprint records
  • interfacing of AFIS w other crim justice info systems
  • addition of hand-held portable devices for use in the field
  • multimodal identification systems
48
Q

what other crim justice info systems is AFIS being interfaced with

A
  • digital mug shot systems
  • livescan fingerprint capture devices
49
Q

what different things are multimodal identification systems being used to identify

A
  • fingerprint
  • palmprint
  • iris
  • facial recognition
50
Q

why might Developing and recovering debris-covered fingerprints be challenging

A
  • the layer of debris needs to be removed before the fingerprint development
  • but the removal of debris could damage the fingerprints underneath.
51
Q

what is a new way to pre-treat debris covered latent fingerprints from the exterior of surfaces

A

use of liquid latex

52
Q

in the study where they looked into using liquid latex for debris covered fingerprints, what was the sample size

A
  • 540 latent prints from 1 donor
  • fingerprints put on 3 diff vehicles
53
Q

in the study where they looked into using liquid latex for debris covered fingerprints, how were the fingerprints developed

A
  • 1/2 using traditional black powder
  • 1/2 using liquid latex pre-treatment, followed by traditional black powder
54
Q

in the study where they looked into using liquid latex for debris covered fingerprints, what was the fingerprint recovery rate

A
  • 149/540
  • 27%
55
Q

in the study where they looked into using liquid latex for debris covered fingerprints, how many of the FP using liquid latex pre-treatment contained level 1 detail

A

83%

56
Q

what are close non-matches (CNMs)

A

when two prints from different sources have many common features and few dissimilar features

57
Q

why are close non-matches (CNMs) increasing

A

as more fingerprints in the databases, the more CNMs

58
Q

how many fingerprint agencies completed a mandatory proficiency test for CNMs

A

125

59
Q

what was the false-pos error rate for the fingerprint agencies that completed a mandatory proficiency test for CNMs

A

20%

60
Q

describe the madrid case

A
  • march 11 2004
  • terrorists detonated bombs on several commuter trains in Madrid
61
Q

how many people were killed in the madrid case

A

200

62
Q

how many people were injured in the madrid case

A

1400

63
Q

what was the error in the madrid case

A
  • fingerprints recovered on a bag of detonators connected w attacks
  • fingerprints transmitted to INTERPOL w request that FBI help
  • march 19 2004 FBI identified Brandon Mayfield as one of the sources
  • AFIS generated a list of 20 candidate prints as a potential match for latent fingerprint 17
  • FBI examiner 1 used side by side comparison and identified LFP 17 to be Brandon’s
  • FBI examiner 2 verified this
  • April 13 2004 FBI learned Spain police has examined it and yielded a neg result
  • may 19 2004 spain police identifed LFP 17 as a fingerprint of someone else
64
Q

what factors cause the misidentification of prints in the madrid case

A
  • unusual similarity between prints
  • errors in the exam procedure
  • examiners relied on level 3 (tiny) details
  • examiners ignored other level 3 details that were not in agreement
  • inadequate explanations for difference in appearance
  • pressure of working on a high-profile terrorism case
  • contextual bias
65
Q

what was made to standardize language used by Department of Justice fingerprint examiners in their reports and testimony

A

Uniform Language for Testimony and Reporting (ULTR) document for fingerprints done in 2018

66
Q

what statements were examiners prohibited from saying

A

a) “two friction ridge prints originated from the same source to the absolute exclusion of all other sources;”
b) using terms like “individualize” or “reasonable degree of scientific certainty;”
c) expressing 100% certainty; or
d) implying that fingerprint examination has a zero error rate

67
Q

true/false there is a QA/QC method to determine the efficacy of fingerprint developing reagents

A

false

68
Q

why is aging of fingerprints a major challenge

A
  • because of progressive degradation of the organic compounds under the influence of various atmospheric parameters
  • Once a fingerprint is deposited, its composition becomes subject to change and smudging
69
Q

true/false a method exists to reliably predict the age of a latent fingerprint

A

false

70
Q

true/false the type of surface impacts the quality of the image

A

true

71
Q

image on plain glass is of ______ (higher/lower) quality than the image on stainless steel

A

higher

72
Q

what is fingerprint smudging

A

diffusion of endogenous fingerprint compounds

73
Q

what are endogenous fingerprint compounds

A
  • fatty acids
  • triacylglycerides
74
Q

what might be a way to determine the age of fingerprints

A

the diffusion of fatty acids ad triacylglycerides on the surface

75
Q

true/false there was fingerprint evidence in the R v Mercer case

A

true (palmprint)

76
Q

where were the palmprints found in the R v Mercer case

A
  • on the windowsill
  • perpendicular to the sill
77
Q

what can be assume based on the placement of the palmprint in the R v Mercer case

A
  • placed his hands on the sill from outside the house
  • then pulled himself up to the window
  • but the window is high, so its unlikely he could have done this without help
78
Q

what was the accused charged with in R v Bornyk

A
  • break and enter
  • theft
79
Q

what did the crowns case rely on in R v Bornyk

A

a single fingerprint found inside the home

80
Q

describe the fingerprint in R v Bornyk

A
  • partial, latent
  • found on the plastic wrapping of a box containing a carnival ghoulish doll
  • large portion of the print was distorted by rippled in the plastic wrap
  • the distorted part includes where ridge formations like loops and whorls are normally found
81
Q

true/false the investigator in R v Bornyk was qualified

A
  • TRUE
  • no objections to his ability
82
Q

what did Corporal Wolbeck use to locate the fingerprint in R v Bornyk

A

black powder

83
Q

what does AFIS stand for

A

automated fingerprint identification system

84
Q

in R v Bornyk, did they get any matches with the fingerprint

A
  • not initially (in 2010)
  • negative
  • it would stay in the system and search daily for all new incoming 10-point entries
  • they then found a possible match in 2011 from a form back in 2006
  • Corporal Wolbeck did an expert analysis
85
Q

is it weird that the set of 2006 fingerprints and 2010 fingerprints didn’t match before 2011

A

yes

86
Q

what was the explanation for why the 2006 fingerprints and 2010 fingerprints didn’t match before 2011

A

no clear explanation happened at trial

87
Q

what report did Corporal Wolbeck do in R v Bornyk and what did it say

A
  • Friction Ridge Analysis
  • states he used the ACE-V method
88
Q
A

Trends (5 decks)

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