TPR Flashcards

1
Q

State the normal range for body temperature in a healthy adult?

A

36-37.5 degrees centigrade

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2
Q

List 3 reasons for measuring body temperature?

A
  1. Establish baseline temp- admission to hospital
  2. Monitor fluctuations in temp- post operative, development of infection
  3. Monitor signs of incompatibility- blood transfusion
  4. Monitor temp of patients- being treated for infection or hypothermia
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3
Q

List 4 sites where temperature can be measured?

A

Mouth, Ear, Axilla(armpit), Groin(between torso and legs), or Rectum

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4
Q

Hypothermia

A

When core temperature is below 35°c.
Once at 32°c might cause shivering, muscle cramps, blood pressure, pulse and respiration rates fall, vasoconstriction fails(narrowing of blood vessels).
Death occurs at temperature falling below 25°c

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5
Q

What is Pyrexia?

A

Is the elevation of body temperature above the normal range(fever).

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6
Q

List 4 factors which influence temperature?

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Hormonal influences
  3. Age
  4. Circadian rhythm-internal clock affecting melatonin
  5. Infections within the body
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7
Q

Each cycle of respiration consists of 3 phases which are?

A
  1. Inhalation
  2. Exhalation
  3. Pause
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8
Q

List three factors that influence respiration?

A
  1. Activity/Exercise
  2. Acute/Chronic pain
  3. Airway/Respiratory disease
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9
Q

What is Tachypnoea?

A

It’s a condition of rapid breathing in adults it is greater than 20 breaths per minute.
Causes can be exercise, labour etc

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10
Q

What is Apnoea?

A

A temporary ceasing of breathing from any cause.

Drug induced, choking, holding ones breath and sleep apnea.

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11
Q

What is Bradypnoea?

A

Abnormally slow breathing rate.

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12
Q

An adults normal respiration is?

A

Range between 12-18

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13
Q

When assessing respiration what 3 aspects should be considered?

A
  1. Rate per minute
  2. Depth- chest wall movement
  3. Rhythm- sequence pattern of respiration
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14
Q

Identify sites where you can detect the pulse?

A

Temporal- forehead, Carotid- neck, Brachial- inner elbow, Radial- inner wrist, Femoral- inner thigh, Popliteal- inner nee, Dorsalis predis- top of foot, Posterial tibial- heal

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15
Q

List 5 reasons for monitoring pulse?

A
  1. Establish whether pulse is within normal range
  2. Preoperative assessment or 3. Postoperative assessment
  3. Assess for shock or fluid loss- vomiting, diarrhoea, blood
  4. Assess cardiovascular or pulmonary disease-irregularities
  5. Monitor receiving blood transfusions or drugs- rapid pulse can be first sign to reaction
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16
Q

Pulse rate is?

A

Adult Range is 60-100 average 80

The younger the child the higher the average(110-140)

17
Q

Factors that affect rate?

A

Exercise, medication, loss of blood or fluids, temperature, heart and lung disease

18
Q

When taking a pulse what 3 aspects should be considered?

A
  1. Rate per min
  2. Rhythm-sequence, irregular
  3. Amplitude- strength, faint
19
Q

What does Bradycardia mean?

A

Slowing of the heart rate to less than 50 beats per min

20
Q

Tachycardia is?

A

Increase in heart rate above normal.

Can occur whilst exercising, excited, illness

21
Q

Arrhythmia is?

A

Any deviation from the normal rhythm of the heart.