Toxins Based on Properties Flashcards
Lead
PLUMBISM
Found in canned goods, automobile exhaust as tetraethyl lead, wine glasses, old pipes, cables, paint, newspaper
Gold
DERMATITIS
Found in gold salts
Used as anti-inflammatory agents (Auranofin for RA and SLE)
Lithium
ADH ANTAGONIST, RESULTS TO NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Used as heat exchanger in air conditioner
Salts are for mania
Cobalt
Used in manufacturing of permanent magnet
Metal in vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Osmium
Densest metal used in preparation of slides in electron microscopy
Manganese
CNS DISTRURBANCES (TREAT WITH EDTA)
Used as cofactor in enzymatic reactions
Pyruvate decarboxylase enzyme
Production of dry cell batteries
Arsenic
PROTOPLASMIC POISON
“Lewisite metal”
In manufacturing of insecticides (ex. Paris green, Fowler’s and Donovan’s solution)
Cadmium
ITAI-ITAI DISEASE (TREAT WITH EDTA)
Found in anti-dandruff shampoos, in smoke and stink bombs
Beryllium
MOST TOXIC METAL
CAUSES BERYLLIOSIS
LUNG CACINOMA (CHRONIC GRANULOMAS)
(TREAT WITH CALCIUM EDTA)
Found in fluorescent and neon lamps
Iodine
IODISM
Iodized salt over ingestion
Copper
WILSON’S DISEASE
HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION (TREAT WITH PENICILLAMINE)
Used in water purification (fungicidal as CuSO4 + CaO in Bordeaux mixture)
Nickel
CONTACT DERMATITIS
MOST POWERFUL INORGANIC CARCINOGEN
Fancy jewelries
Produced in fossil fuel combustion
Chromium
DIABETES MELLITUS-LIKE (TREAT WITH BAL)
Glucose intolerance factor
Found in brown sugar and butter
Aluminum
SHAVER’S DISEASE
CONSTIPATION
3rd most abundant element, most abundant metal
Constipating and astringent effects
Used as an abrasive and for healing burns
Zirconium
GRANULOMAS
In deodorants and antiperspirants
Zinc
METAL FUME FEVER- FEVER FOR 36 HOURS WITH DELAYED CHILLS (TREAT WITH PARACETAMOL, ASPIRIN FOR FEVER, AND SOD. BICARBONATE)
Used in galvanizing iron
Container for battery cells
Deficiency causes parakeratosis
Present in insulit
Silver
ARGYRIA
Found in inedible ink
Used as protein precipitant
Mecury
MINAMATA DISEASE
HYDRARGYRISM
“Quicksilver”
Found in thermometers, cosmetics (calomel), in Merthiolate
Barium
BARITOSIS
DIGITALIS LIKE TOXICITY
Alters permeability of cell membranes, increasing depolarization- muscle twitching, tremors, convulsions, hypokalemia (muscle weakness), hoarseness (TREAT WITH MAG SUL AND Na2SO4)
Found in depilatories
Green colored fireworks
“Green pyrotech”
Fluorine
FLUOROSIS IN CHILDREN
MOTTLED ENAMEL
ABNORMAL BONE GROWTH
Found in drinking water supply and in toothpaste
Used as rat and roach poison
Bromine
BROMINSM
SKIN ERUPTIONS, WEAKNESS, PSYCHOSIS
Dark brownish volatile liquid with suffocating odor
Antimony
PROTOPLASMIC POISON
SAME EFFECTS AS ARSENIC BUT WITH ADDED MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE (TREAT WITH BAL)
Found in tartar emetic and brown mixture
Phosphorus
“LUCIFER’S JAW”
HIGHLY CORROSIVE
DIRECTLY TOXIC TO THE HEART AND VASCULAR TONE
CUTANEOUS BURNS
GARLIC ODOR (with luminescence of vomitus and feces)
HEPATIC AND RENAL FOR 4 DAYS
St. Elmo’s fire
Found in matches and firecrackers (watusi)
Rat and roach poison
Tungsten
“Wolframite”
Manufacture of lamps and ball point pens
Thallium
HAIR LOSS (ALOPECIA) PAIN IN EXTREMITIES (TREAT WITH PRUSSIAN BLUE)
“Green twig’
Used as rat and roach poison (rodenticide)
Boric acid
BOILED LOBSTER APPEARANCE
Astringent preparations
Nitrite
CARCINOGENIC
Food preservative
Colorant
Potassium bromate
CARCINOGENIC
NEPHROTOXIC
Dough improver (pandesal)
Found in cold wave neutralizers
Tartrazine
ALLERGIC REACTION
FD&C Yellow 5, food colorant
MSG
CHINESE RESTAURANT SYNDROME
Monosodium glutamate
Monomethyl hydrazine
CARCINOGENIC
From poisonous mushroom
Gyrometra esculenta
Tannic acid
CARCINOGENIC
Found in tea
BHA/ BHT
CARCINOGENIC
Antioxidants
Saccharin
CARCINOGENIC
NEUROTOXIC
GENOTOXIC
Artificial sweetener
Aspartame
NEUROLOGICAL
Artificial sweetener
