Sources of Toxin (Natural )

Question 1

Tetrodotoxin

Answer 1

Puffer fish

Question 2

Ciguatoxin

Answer 2

Inedible organs of fish

Question 3

Sourine

Answer 3

Tuna

Question 3

Venerupine

Answer 3

Sardines

Question 4

Gemblid

Answer 4

Mackerel

Question 5

Bufotoxin

Answer 5

Frogs

Question 6

Clupeotoxin

Answer 6

Oysters

Question 7

Cantharidin

Answer 7

Blister fly (Cantharis vesicatoria)

Question 8

5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)

Answer 8

Scorpion

Question 9

Formic acid

Answer 9

Red ants

Question 10

Hyaluronidase

Answer 10

Snake venom

Question 11

Latrotoxin

Answer 11

Black widow/ Hourglass spider (Latrodectus mactans)

Question 12

Arecoline

Answer 12

Betel nut

Question 13

Physostigmine

Answer 13

Calabar bean

Question 14

Santonine

Answer 14

Santonica

Question 15

Atropine

Answer 15

Belladonna

Question 16

Quinine

Answer 16

Bitter bark

Question 17

Nicotine

Answer 17

Tobacco

Question 18

Brucine/ strychnine

Answer 18

Nux vomica

Question 19

Solanine

Answer 19

Rotten potato

Question 20

Muscarine

Answer 20

Amanita (mushroom)

Question 21

Coniine

Answer 21

Aconite

Question 22

Phalloidine

Answer 22

Death angel

Question 23

Colchicine

Answer 23

Autumn crocus

Question 24

Digitoxin

Answer 24

Foxglove

Question 25

Sapotoxin

Answer 25

Saponin-containing plants

Question 26

Mannihotoxin

Answer 26

Cassava

Question 27

Picrotoxin

Answer 27

Fish berries

Question 28

Podophyllotoxin

Answer 28

Mayapple/ mandrake

Question 29

Cannabinol

Answer 29

Marijuana

Question 30

Myristicin

Answer 30

Nutmeg

Question 31

Abrin

Answer 31

Jequirity seeds

Question 32

Ricin

Answer 32

Castor

Question 33

Robin

Answer 33

Black locust

Question 34

Oxalic acid

Answer 34

Carambola

Question 35

Saitoxin

Answer 35

Dinoflagellates
Red tide
Paralytic shellfish poisoning

Question 36

Aflatoxin

Answer 36

Aspergillus flavus
In stale peanuts
Carcinogenic to liver

Question 37

Ptomaine

Answer 37

Bacterial putrefaction
Spoiled food

Question 38

Tyrotoxin

Answer 38

Bacterial putrefaction
Stale milk and dairy products

Question 39

Ergot

Answer 39

Claviceps purpurea
Ergotism (convulsive or gangrenous; St. Anthony’s Fire)

Question 40

Exotoxins

Answer 40

Gram (+) or (-) organisms
Proteinaceous
High ability to cause disease
Small lethal dose

Question 41

Botulinum toxin

Answer 41

Clostridium botulinum
Spoiled canned goods (neurotoxic)

Question 42

Tetanospasmin

Answer 42

Clostridium tetani
Tetany
Spastic paralysis

Question 43

Cytotoxin

Answer 43

Clostridium perfringens
Gas gangrene

Question 44

Enterotoxin

Answer 44

S. aureus
Food poisoning (heat stable)

Question 45

Staphylococcus TSST-1

Answer 45

S. aureus
Toxic shock syndrome (women using tampons)

Question 46

Diphtheria cytotoxin

Answer 46

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Inhibit protein synthesis in nerves, kidneys, heart cells
“Human antibiotic”

Question 47

Cholera enterotoxin

Answer 47

Vibrio cholerae
Rice watery stool

Question 48

E. coli enterotoxin

Answer 48

E. coli
Traveler’s diarrhea

Question 49

Endotoxin

Answer 49

Gram (-) only except Listeria
Lipoidal
Low toxicity
High LD

Question 50

Typhoid

Answer 50

Salmonella typhi
Typhoid fever

Question 51

Proteus

Answer 51

Proteus spp.
UTI Infections

Question 52

HCl

Answer 52

Muriatic acid
Bathroom disinfectant
Whitish burns

Question 53

H2SO4

Answer 53

Oil of vitriol
Brown black burns
Ground coffee vomitus

Question 54

HNO3

Answer 54

Aqua fortis
Yellow burns

Question 55

Phenol

Answer 55

Carbolic acid
Bleaching white burns

Question 56

NaOH

Answer 56

Lye, sosa
In detergents
Preparation of hard soaps

Question 57

KOH

Answer 57

Caustic potash
In detergents
Preparation of soft soaps

Question 58

NaOCl

Answer 58

Dakin’s solution
Bleaching/ deodorizing agent

Question 59

Lead chromate

Answer 59

Used as yellow food color as icing