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Toxicology > Sources of Toxin (Natural ) > Flashcards

Sources of Toxin (Natural ) Flashcards

1
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

Puffer fish

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2
Q

Ciguatoxin

A

Inedible organs of fish

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3
Q

Sourine

A

Tuna

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3
Q

Venerupine

A

Sardines

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4
Q

Gemblid

A

Mackerel

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5
Q

Bufotoxin

A

Frogs

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6
Q

Clupeotoxin

A

Oysters

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7
Q

Cantharidin

A

Blister fly (Cantharis vesicatoria)

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8
Q

5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)

A

Scorpion

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9
Q

Formic acid

A

Red ants

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10
Q

Hyaluronidase

A

Snake venom

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11
Q

Latrotoxin

A

Black widow/ Hourglass spider (Latrodectus mactans)

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12
Q

Arecoline

A

Betel nut

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13
Q

Physostigmine

A

Calabar bean

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14
Q

Santonine

A

Santonica

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15
Q

Atropine

A

Belladonna

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16
Q

Quinine

A

Bitter bark

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17
Q

Nicotine

A

Tobacco

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18
Q

Brucine/ strychnine

A

Nux vomica

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19
Q

Solanine

A

Rotten potato

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20
Q

Muscarine

A

Amanita (mushroom)

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21
Q

Coniine

A

Aconite

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22
Q

Phalloidine

A

Death angel

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23
Q

Colchicine

A

Autumn crocus

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24
Q

Digitoxin

A

Foxglove

25
Q

Sapotoxin

A

Saponin-containing plants

26
Q

Mannihotoxin

A

Cassava

27
Q

Picrotoxin

A

Fish berries

28
Q

Podophyllotoxin

A

Mayapple/ mandrake

29
Q

Cannabinol

A

Marijuana

30
Q

Myristicin

A

Nutmeg

31
Q

Abrin

A

Jequirity seeds

32
Q

Ricin

A

Castor

33
Q

Robin

A

Black locust

34
Q

Oxalic acid

A

Carambola

35
Q

Saitoxin

A

Dinoflagellates
Red tide
Paralytic shellfish poisoning

36
Q

Aflatoxin

A

Aspergillus flavus
In stale peanuts
Carcinogenic to liver

37
Q

Ptomaine

A

Bacterial putrefaction
Spoiled food

38
Q

Tyrotoxin

A

Bacterial putrefaction
Stale milk and dairy products

39
Q

Ergot

A

Claviceps purpurea
Ergotism (convulsive or gangrenous; St. Anthony’s Fire)

40
Q

Exotoxins

A

Gram (+) or (-) organisms
Proteinaceous
High ability to cause disease
Small lethal dose

41
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

Clostridium botulinum
Spoiled canned goods (neurotoxic)

42
Q

Tetanospasmin

A

Clostridium tetani
Tetany
Spastic paralysis

43
Q

Cytotoxin

A

Clostridium perfringens
Gas gangrene

44
Q

Enterotoxin

A

S. aureus
Food poisoning (heat stable)

45
Q

Staphylococcus TSST-1

A

S. aureus
Toxic shock syndrome (women using tampons)

46
Q

Diphtheria cytotoxin

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Inhibit protein synthesis in nerves, kidneys, heart cells
“Human antibiotic”

47
Q

Cholera enterotoxin

A

Vibrio cholerae
Rice watery stool

48
Q

E. coli enterotoxin

A

E. coli
Traveler’s diarrhea

49
Q

Endotoxin

A

Gram (-) only except Listeria
Lipoidal
Low toxicity
High LD

50
Q

Typhoid

A

Salmonella typhi
Typhoid fever

51
Q

Proteus

A

Proteus spp.
UTI Infections

52
Q

HCl

A

Muriatic acid
Bathroom disinfectant
Whitish burns

53
Q

H2SO4

A

Oil of vitriol
Brown black burns
Ground coffee vomitus

54
Q

HNO3

A

Aqua fortis
Yellow burns

55
Q

Phenol

A

Carbolic acid
Bleaching white burns

56
Q

NaOH

A

Lye, sosa
In detergents
Preparation of hard soaps

57
Q

KOH

A

Caustic potash
In detergents
Preparation of soft soaps

58
Q

NaOCl

A

Dakin’s solution
Bleaching/ deodorizing agent

59
Q

Lead chromate

A

Used as yellow food color as icing

Toxicology (7 decks)

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