Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

Define virulence

A

Degree of pathogenicity–capability of causing disease in a “normal host”

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2
Q

What’s the incubation period?

A

Time from infection to showing signs of disease

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3
Q

What are the properties of a successful pathogen?

A

Enter correct site in host
Adhere to specific host tissue
Resist host defenses
Damage host

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4
Q

Mechanisms of pathogenesis

A

Invasive (enters and grows in host)

Toxigenic

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5
Q

What kind of bacteria make exotoxins?

A

Both gram positive and negative

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6
Q

Are bacterial exotoxins immunogenic?

A

Yes, Made into a “toxoid” by chemical means for a vaccine

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7
Q

Are exotoxins involved in fever?

A

No

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8
Q

What classes of toxins are there?

A

Act on a receptor
Make pores in host cell membrane
A/B toxins
Type III and IV-syringe

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9
Q

What is the structure of an AB toxin?

A

Catalytic part, host cell binding part

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10
Q

What does the Diptheria toxin and Psuedomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A do?

A

ADP-ribosylates EF2–prevents protein synthesis

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11
Q

What does the botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin do?

A

Act as protease of SNAREs

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12
Q

What do large Clostridium dificile toxins do?

A

Glucosylate Rho proteins, which terminate transcription

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13
Q

What do Shiga toxins do?

A

Deadenylate adenine on RNA

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14
Q

What is diphteria toxin useful for?

A

Diptheria vaccine

Carrier in conjugate vaccines (ex. Hib)

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15
Q

Where do Corynebacterium diphteheriae infect and what is the mechanism of pathogenesis?

A

Upper respiratory tract, doesn’t require the toxin to start an infection. But when do get lysogenized by beta phage, make toxins that ADP ribosylates EF2. Then you get disease in the heart, liver, lung, nervous system.

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16
Q

What does DTaP vaccine contain?

A

diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis vaccine which has pertussis toxoid and adhesion proteins

17
Q

What is the fxn of a conjugate vaccine?

A

Stronger immune response–polysaccharides can be conjugated with protein to initiate strong T cell response