Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteria > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Stain, shape, motility, metabolism of Staph

A

gram positive
cocci
nonmotile
facultative anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are staphlococci found in humans?

A

surface tissue, GI tract, especially anterior nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the fxn of coagulase?

A

converts fibrinogen to fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you differentiate Staph from Strep?

A

Staph are catalase positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is unique to Staph aureus

A

protein A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Protein A do?

A

binds Fc portion of IgG and the IgG can no longer contribute to opsonization and phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do the different diseases of S aureus come about?

A

different strains have different toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the toxins made by S aureus?

A 
Hemolysins
Leukotoxins
Enterotoxins (superantigens)
TSST
Exfoliative toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of hemolysin are those of S aureus?

A

Beta hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the superantigens made by Staph aureus?

A

enterotoxins and TSST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are exfoliative toxins?

A

Proteases that lyse intercellular connections between cells in the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are Staphylococcus transmitted?

A

mostly by hand contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are the primary sites of infection for Staphylococcus aureus

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kinds of infection can Staphylococcus aureus cause?

A 
folliculitis
boil (subcutaneous)
impetigo
scalded skin syndrome
pneumonia
osteomyelitis
arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you treat S. aureus infections?

A

drain the wound
remove foreign objects
antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do S saprophyticus infections usually occur?

A

urinary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stain, shape, metabolism of Streptococci

A

gram positive
cocci
facultative anaerobe (ferment carbs–lactic acid made)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are Streptococci classified?

A

Lancefield typing based on cell wall carbohydrate antigen
Hemolytic abilities on blood agar (alpha is partial or green, beta is complete clearing, gamma is no clearing)
Biochemical properties

19
Q

What is S agalactiae known for?

A

neonatal disease

20
Q

What is S pyogenes known for?

A

pharyngitis, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, tissue infections

21
Q

What is S pneumoniae known for?

A

otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis

22
Q

What is S bovis known for?

A

bacteremia linked to GI cancer

23
Q

What do Streptococcus pyogenes have?

A 
Lanceefield Group A carb
M proteins
M-like surface proteins
Lipotenichoic acid and F protein that help with adhering
Hyaluronic acid capsule
C5a peptidase
24
Q

pathogenesis of strep pyogenes

A

avoids opsonization and phagocytosis (hyaluronic acid capsule
adheres to host cells (lipoteichoic acid, M proteins, F protein)
Invasion of host cells (M and F proteins)
Toxins and enzymes (exotoxins are superantigens)

25
Q

What kinds of hemolysins does S pyogenes make?

A

Streptolysin S, Streptolysin O

26
Q

Where is S pyogenes found?

A

transiently in oropharynx of healthy kids and adults

27
Q

How can you tell that someone is protected from S pyogenes?

A

has antibodies to M protein

28
Q

How is S pyogenes spread?

A

droplet transmission

29
Q

What kind of clinical diseases do you see w Strep pyogenes?

A 
pharyngitis
Scarlet fever (pharyngitis and erythematous rash)
impetigo/pyoderma
erysipelas (skin and subcu)
toxic shock 
endocarditis
necrotizing fasciitis
30
Q

Group A late sequalae

A

rheumatic fever-after respiratory infections(strep antigens cross react)
glomerulonephritis-after pharyngela or cutaneous infections

31
Q

What confirms rheumatic fever or glomeurolonephritis?

A

antibodies to streptolysin O

32
Q

Pathogenesis of strep agalactiae

A

Capsule

33
Q

Where does strep agalactiae colonize?

A

lower GI tract and genitourinary tract-can be given to neonates

34
Q

What kinds of diseases do strep agalactiae cause?

A

neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis
Sepsis in pregnant women
in older adults (bacteremia, pneumonia, bone and joints, skin and soft tissue)

35
Q

Stain, shape, hemolysis of Strep penumonia

A

gram positive
coccus
alpha hemolytic

36
Q

How do you ID strep pneumonia?

A

alpha hemolytic
polysaccharide capsule
phosphorylcholine and species specific teichoic acid cell wall
C polkysaccharide-binds C reactive protein
F antigen–reacts with Forssman surface antigen on human cells

37
Q

Pathogenesis of strep pneumonia

A

mostly as a result of host response, not toxins
binds to oropharynx
releases toxic cell wall components (teichoic acids, peptidoglycan)

38
Q

How does S penumonia infection come about?

A

S pneumonia transiently colonzes normal people
Can be aspirated in lower airway
linked to breakdown of natural defenses (epiglottal reflex, cough reflex)

39
Q

Clinical diseases of strep pneumonia

A 
pneumococcal pneumonia (blood in sputum, cough, chest pain, fever)
Sinusitis and otitis media
Meningitis
Bacteremia
Endocarditis
40
Q

Prevention of streptococcus pneumonia

A

adults and children greater than 2=vaccine with 23 capsular polysaccharides

41
Q

chemical test for s pneumoniae

A

optochin sensitive

42
Q

chemical test for s pyogenes

A

bacitracin sensitive

43
Q

Panton valentine leukocidin is associated with___

A

staph aureus, present in many MRSA infections

Bacteria (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions