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Bacteria > Multisystem Infections > Flashcards

Multisystem Infections Flashcards

1
Q

virulence attributes required to cause multisystem infections

A 
antigenic variation
serum resistance
cloaking (with host proteins to avoid immune system)
cell invasion
tissue invasion
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2
Q

How is Lyme disease Borrelia virulent?

A

recombinatines VIs locus-antigenic variation

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3
Q

Which species binds to, enters, and replicates in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells?

A

Rickettsia

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4
Q

Which species binds to, enters, and repicates in late endosomes of netorphils

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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5
Q

Which species binds to , enters and replicates in early endosomes of monocytic cells?

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

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6
Q

Define transstadial transmission

A

pathogen is transmitted/maintained in the different life stages of the same individual vector

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7
Q

Transovarial transmission

A

pathogen is transmitted from one vector generation to next generation

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8
Q

Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis vector, stain, location, shape, site of replication

A 
tick
gram negative
bacilli
intracellular
replicates in vacuoles
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9
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsiosis) vector, stain, location, shape, site of replication

A 
tick
gram negative
bacilli
intracellular
replicates in cytoplasm
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10
Q

Lyme disease vector, stain, location, shape, site of replication

A 
tick
gram negative
spirochete
extracellular
replicates outside of host cell
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11
Q

Zoonotic infection

A

I scapularis (lyme disease, anaplasmosis)

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12
Q

Lyme disease occurs most often in what season

A

summer

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13
Q

I scapularis infections are transmitted usually by what form of the species?

A

nymph

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14
Q

Ehrlichiosis stain, shape, replication site, special features, invades what type cells

A 
gram negative
coccobacilli
vacuoles
NO LPS OR PEPTIDOGLYCAN
type IV secretion
invades monocytes, neutrophils
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15
Q

Symptoms of Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis infections

A 
fever, chills
headache, myalgia
anorexia
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia
increased liver aminotransferases
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16
Q

Unique feature of Rickettsia rickettsii

A

transovarial AND transstadial transmission in ticks

17
Q

Where are cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever mostly found?

A

in the eastern belt Missouri area horizontally

18
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii stain, shape, site of replication, type of cell invaded

A

Gram negative
coccobacilli
replicates in the cytoplasm
invades endothelial cells–moves within and to new cells by actin polymerization

19
Q

Symptoms of Rickettsiosis

A 
fever
malaise
headache
myalgia
anorexia
abdominal pain
nausea
RASH 3-5 DAYS AFTER ONSET (begins at ankles, wrists, forehead)
20
Q

Where is LYme disease frequently seen?

A

WI, MN, Northeastern US

21
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi tick infects humans in what form?

A

Nymph

22
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi stain, shape, any LPS/toxins/special secretion systems?

A

gram negative
spirochete
NO LPS, TOXINS, OR SPECIAL SECRETION SYSTEMS

23
Q

what is special about lyme disease transmission?

A

it takes more than 36 hours for it to move up gut of tick and into human

24
Q

Lyme disease symptoms

A

Early localized: Erythema migrans (bulls eye sometimes ) greater than 5 cm
Early, disseminated: fever, malaise, arthralgia, facial palsy on one side, AV block, polyradiculopathy
Late, in months to years: arthritis, encephalopathy, polyradiculopathy

25
Q

Diagnosis of Lyme disease

A

if see EM lesion and tick encounter, enough to start the therapy

if no EM lesion, then can do ELISA and then immunoblot

26
Q

Why do these vector borne bacterial pathogens have few virulence factors identified?

A

b/c difficult to grow on culture

27
Q

How are diagnoses made for these vector borne bacterial infections?

A

througouh history and clinical suspician, don’t rely on culture, gram stain hard to see

28
Q

Enzootic cycle of Treponema pallidum

A

none, no vector, just in humans

29
Q

Describe primary syphilis

A

lesion that is painless

30
Q

Secondary syphilis symptoms

A

6 weeks to 6 months after primary syphilis
diffuse rash all over, even palms and soles
myalgias, arthralgias
fever
condyloma latum (wart like lesions)

31
Q

Tertiary syphilis symptoms

A 
tabes dorsalis: sensory and motor neuron fxn loss
dementia
blindness
urinary incontinence
joint degeneration
aortic aneurysm, valve insufficiency
tissue destruction
DAMAGE DUE TO HOST'S RESPONSE
32
Q

These Multisystem infections can cause disease in what hosts?

A

immunocompetent

33
Q

These multisystem infections are characterized by what kind of diagnositics?

A

no culture reliance because difficult to grow

Bacteria (6 decks)

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