toxidromes Flashcards
what physiological changes effect bioavailability?
- slower gastric emptying
- slower peristalsis
- lower blood protein levels
- decreased renal fx.
which neurotransmitter is preganglionic?
acetlycholine
which neurotransmitter is postganglionic?
acetylcholine for PSNS
norepi for SNS
what is cholinergic toxicity?
excessive activation of the PSNS (rest and digest) which causes excessive stimulation of muscarinic receptors and paralysis of skeletal muscles
what are the symptoms of cholinergic toxicity?
- N/V
- Diarrhea
- diaphoresis
- blurred vision
- tremors
- bradycardia, hypotension, and bronchoconstriction
what is the treatment for cholinergic toxicity?
- atropine
- pralidoxime (2-PAM)
what is anticholinergic toxicity?
excessive blockage of the PSNS
symptoms of anticholinergic toxicity?
- deliriam
- dialated pupils
- flushed skin
- hyperthermia
- dry skin
- urinary retention
treatment for anticholinergic toxicity
- induce vomiting
- gastric lavage
- physostigmine
what are the neuromuscular S/S of serotonin syndrome?
- muscle twitching and rigidity
- hyper-reflexia
- tremors
- ataxia
what are the ANS S/S of serotonin syndrome
- hyperthermia
- tachycardia/dysrhthmias
- diaphoresis/ flushed skin
- dialated pupils
what are the mental status S/S of serotonin syndrome?
- confusion, agitation, coma, disorientation, and hallucinations
what are the symptoms of stimulants?
- increased HR, BP, and RR
- pallor and hiphoresis
- dilated pupils
- anxiety, delusions, and paranoia
- hyper-reflexia
what are examples of benzodiazepines?
- diazepam (valium)
- Ativan (lorazepam)
- Clonazepam
- midazolam
what are examples of antipsychotics
- haloperidol (haldol)
- olanzapine (zyprexa)
what is the mechanism of sedative/hypnotic drugs?
they are CNS depressants
what are examples of hallucinogens?
- phencyclidine
- LSD
- ketamine
- mescaline (peyote)
- psilocybin (mushrooms)
what are the effects of hallucinogens
- self harm
- tachycardia
- pupil dilation
-sweating and tremors
what are Cardiovascular S/S of arsenic poisoning?
- reduced blood flow
- hypotension
- hypovolemia
- artthythmias
what arrhythmias can you see with arsenic poisoning?
- peaked t waves
- AV blocks
- asystole
what are the GI symptoms of Arsenic poisoning?
- Pain
- N/V/D
- garlic breath
what are Dermal S/S of arsenic poisoning?
- facial edema
- hyperpigmentation
cyanide poisoning S/S
- N/V
- dizzyness / Altered LOAs
_ tachycardia /palpitations - dyspnea
- seizure, coma, death
for bite injuries what life/limb/function threat should be considered for bite injuries as per the BLSPCS
- anaphylaxsis
- shock
- CNS toxicity
- Local tissues necrosis
