iv and fluids Flashcards
what are electrolytes
inorganic compounds
what are electrolytes function?
- provide minerals
- control movement of water through osmosis
- help maintain acid base balance
which is the most abundant extracellular cation
sodium which is essential for impulse transmission for nervous and muscle tissue
what is the most abundant intracellular cation
potassium also important for nerve and muscle impulse and acid base balance in kidneys
hypokalemia symptoms
cramps, fatigue, paralysis and long qt syndrome
abuntant extracellular anion
chloride
what does chloride help with?
`regulates osmotic presssure between intra and extracellular compartments
what does magnesium do?
trigger the sodium potassium pump
what is calcium essential for?
coagulation, neurotransmitter release,neuromuscular conduction, and the excitability of Neuro and muscle tissue
phosphate is found where
in bones when combined with calcium and has a buffering function
bicarb normal levels
22 - 28
what is osmolarity
amount per liter of solvent
what is osmolality
amount per kilogram of solvent
osmotic pressure
force of liquid movement through osmosis
oncotic pressure
osmotic pressure due to colloids
hydrostatic pressure
any pressure exerted by any liquid
blood hydrostatic pressure
the blood pressure within the wall of the capillaries Which forces fluid plasma and electrolytes into the interstitial space
interstitial hydrostatic pressure
the pressure that is exerted out words by the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces and cells
blood osmotic pressure
the pulling pressure of the plasma proteins that is exerted on the interstitial spaces, this is what helps pull fluid back into the capillaries
interstitial oncotic pressure
pulling pressure that the electrolytes pull water into insterstitial spaces
what percentage by weight are babies by water?
80%
the total body of water is divided how for extracellular and intracellular?
1/3 and 2/3 respectivly
what type of pressure do colloids excert
osmotic pressure to retain fluids in the vasculature which draw interstitial and intracellular water into the vascular
what is plasma made up of
clotting factors, surgars, salts, and colloids
what are examples of plasma substitues
dextran, hesband, plasma protein fraction (plasmanate)
what fraction of Crystalloids will leave the vasculature within an hour
2/3rds of Crystalloids will leave the vasculature within an hour
how much amount of Crystalloids is needed to replace one unit of whole blood
3 units
ringers lactate contents
contains sodium chloride, potassium, calcium, and lactate which acts as a buffer to neutralize acidity when metabolized by the lizer
sodium bicarb use
- replace sodium or buffer agent to treat acidosis
potassium chloride uses
- replace loss potassium
30mle per liter or 10mle per hour rate
calcium chloride uses
- calcium channel blocker overdose
- hypocalcemia
- balance hyper kalemia and magnesia
complications with calcium chloride
- Brady cardia
- hypotension
- arterial spasm
- infiltration can cause tissue necrosis
magnesium sulphate uses
- eclampsia
- torsads
what is micro drops/ml?
60 drops / ml
what is the calculation formulary for GTTS/min
amount to be infused (ml) x Drip set (GTTS/ml)
/
time of infusion (mins)
what is the parkland burn formula?
4 x pts weight (Kg) x %TBSA
give half in first 8 hours and other half in the next 16 hours
what IV line TKVO can a paramedic monitor?
- a line for a patient <12 yoa with 15ml/hr of any isotonic fluid
- a line for a patient >= 12 yoa with 30 ml/hr of any isotonic fluid
what IV line fluid replacement can a paramedic monitor
- a maximum flow rate infused up to 2 ml/kg/hr to a max of 200mL/hr
- thiamine or multivitamin preparation
- drugs within his level of certification
- potassium chloride for patients >=18 YOA to a maximum of 10meq in a 250ml bag
what should the Paramedic do pretransport if they are asked to monitor an IV line?
- confirm MD’s written IV order with staff
- Determine IV solution, flow rate, catheter gauge, length, cannulation site
- note condition of IV site
- note amount of fluid remaining in the bag
- document
