iv and fluids

Question 1

what are electrolytes

Answer 1

inorganic compounds

Question 2

what are electrolytes function?

Answer 2

• provide minerals
• control movement of water through osmosis
• help maintain acid base balance

Question 3

which is the most abundant extracellular cation

Answer 3

sodium which is essential for impulse transmission for nervous and muscle tissue

Question 4

what is the most abundant intracellular cation

Answer 4

potassium also important for nerve and muscle impulse and acid base balance in kidneys

Question 5

hypokalemia symptoms

Answer 5

cramps, fatigue, paralysis and long qt syndrome

Question 6

abuntant extracellular anion

Answer 6

chloride

Question 7

what does chloride help with?

Answer 7

`regulates osmotic presssure between intra and extracellular compartments

Question 8

what does magnesium do?

Answer 8

trigger the sodium potassium pump

Question 9

what is calcium essential for?

Answer 9

coagulation, neurotransmitter release,neuromuscular conduction, and the excitability of Neuro and muscle tissue

Question 10

phosphate is found where

Answer 10

in bones when combined with calcium and has a buffering function

Question 11

bicarb normal levels

Answer 11

22 - 28

Question 12

what is osmolarity

Answer 12

amount per liter of solvent

Question 13

what is osmolality

Answer 13

amount per kilogram of solvent

Question 14

osmotic pressure

Answer 14

force of liquid movement through osmosis

Question 15

oncotic pressure

Answer 15

osmotic pressure due to colloids

Question 16

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 16

any pressure exerted by any liquid

Question 17

blood hydrostatic pressure

Answer 17

the blood pressure within the wall of the capillaries Which forces fluid plasma and electrolytes into the interstitial space

Question 18

interstitial hydrostatic pressure

Answer 18

the pressure that is exerted out words by the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces and cells

Question 19

blood osmotic pressure

Answer 19

the pulling pressure of the plasma proteins that is exerted on the interstitial spaces, this is what helps pull fluid back into the capillaries

Question 20

interstitial oncotic pressure

Answer 20

pulling pressure that the electrolytes pull water into insterstitial spaces

Question 21

what percentage by weight are babies by water?

Answer 21

80%

Question 22

the total body of water is divided how for extracellular and intracellular?

Answer 22

1/3 and 2/3 respectivly

Question 23

what type of pressure do colloids excert

Answer 23

osmotic pressure to retain fluids in the vasculature which draw interstitial and intracellular water into the vascular

Question 24

what is plasma made up of

Answer 24

clotting factors, surgars, salts, and colloids

Question 25

what are examples of plasma substitues

Answer 25

dextran, hesband, plasma protein fraction (plasmanate)

Question 26

what fraction of Crystalloids will leave the vasculature within an hour

Answer 26

2/3rds of Crystalloids will leave the vasculature within an hour

Question 27

how much amount of Crystalloids is needed to replace one unit of whole blood

Answer 27

3 units

Question 28

ringers lactate contents

Answer 28

contains sodium chloride, potassium, calcium, and lactate which acts as a buffer to neutralize acidity when metabolized by the lizer

Question 29

sodium bicarb use

Answer 29

- replace sodium or buffer agent to treat acidosis

Question 30

potassium chloride uses

Answer 30

- replace loss potassium 30mle per liter or 10mle per hour rate

Question 31

calcium chloride uses

Answer 31

- calcium channel blocker overdose - hypocalcemia - balance hyper kalemia and magnesia

Question 32

complications with calcium chloride

Answer 32

- Brady cardia - hypotension - arterial spasm - infiltration can cause tissue necrosis

Question 33

magnesium sulphate uses

Answer 33

- eclampsia - torsads

Question 34

what is micro drops/ml?

Answer 34

60 drops / ml

Question 35

what is the calculation formulary for GTTS/min

Answer 35

amount to be infused (ml) x Drip set (GTTS/ml) / time of infusion (mins)

Question 36

what is the parkland burn formula?

Answer 36

4 x pts weight (Kg) x %TBSA give half in first 8 hours and other half in the next 16 hours

Question 37

what IV line TKVO can a paramedic monitor?

Answer 37

- a line for a patient <12 yoa with 15ml/hr of any isotonic fluid - a line for a patient >= 12 yoa with 30 ml/hr of any isotonic fluid

Question 38

what IV line fluid replacement can a paramedic monitor

Answer 38

- a maximum flow rate infused up to 2 ml/kg/hr to a max of 200mL/hr - thiamine or multivitamin preparation - drugs within his level of certification - potassium chloride for patients >=18 YOA to a maximum of 10meq in a 250ml bag

Question 39

what should the Paramedic do pretransport if they are asked to monitor an IV line?

Answer 39

- confirm MD's written IV order with staff - Determine IV solution, flow rate, catheter gauge, length, cannulation site - note condition of IV site - note amount of fluid remaining in the bag - document