airway and mci Flashcards
compliance is often poor in which type of diseased lungs
- fibrosis
- tension pneumo
- chest trauma
- airway obstruction
what are the contraindications for CPAP?
- asthma exacerbation
- suspected pneumothorax
- unproteected airway
- major trauma and burn to head or torso
- tracheostomy
- inability to sit upright
- unable to cooperate
what are the conditions of CPAP?
- > = 18 yoa
- tachypnea
- normotension
- accessory muscle use or spo2 <90%
what are the applications of CPAP?
- OSA
- CHF
- Pre term infants
- Covid 19
what are the applications for Bi PAP
- OSA
-COPD - Asthma
- pneumonia
- CHF
what does phase 1 of etco2 represent?
- dead space ventilation and begining of exhalation
what are the characteristics of a pediatric airway?
- large tongue
- small pharynx
- larger/floppier epiglottis
- larynx is more anterior and superior
- narrowest point is at the cricoid
- trachea is narrow and soft
average adult measurements. teeth to… vocal cords, sternal notch , carina
15 , 20 , 25 cm
ETI acronym SLOPES
Suction
laryngoscope, lidocaine, lube
Oxygen
Positioning
ETT, extender, ETCO2
stylet, syringe, stethoscope, secure
complications of PEEP
- reduces cardiac output
- potential increase in intracranial pressure
- risk of pneumothorax
what do nerve agents cause?
overstimulation of organd cause and over cholinergic crisis
what is the treatment for nerve agents
- decontaminate
- airway and breathing support
- administration of MARK 1 kit
- 2 Pam and atropine
what does 2-PAM do
reactivates acytlcholinesterase which allows the body to clear acylcholine at the muscular junctions
chemical properties of cyanide metabolic agents?
- colourless almond smelling gas that could kill seconds to minutes
how does cyanide metabolic agents effect the body?
the bodies abbility to use oxygen
what is the treatment for cyanide metabolic agent
- decontamination
- support ABCs
- hydroxocobalamin (cyanokit)
what produces neurotoxin?
plants, marine animals, moulds, and bacteria
what are symptoms of botulinum toxin
- dry mouth
- urinary retenion
- nausea
- dialated pupils
- dysphagia
- paralysis
- respiratory arrest
what symptoms does ricin cause?
- pulmonary edema
- respiratory and circulatory failure
blast injuries - primary
damage caused by pressure waves
- ears, lungs, and GI tract
blast injuries - secondary
damage from projected debris
- penetrating injuries or blunt trauma
blast injuries tertiary
catapulted person hits objects
- fractures and amputations
blast injuries - miscellaneous
burns , inhalation , crush
what are the 4 methods of decontamination?
- dilution
- absorption
- neuralization
- disposal
what does downsloping in etco2 represent?
emphysema and pneumothorax
emergency operations center vs. command post?
EOC is operated by the city and activated in large scale event, a command post is a pop up
what is the acronym METHANE (used for communications in MCI)
Major incident
Exact location
Type of incident
Hazards
Access
Number of casualties
Emergency services
what is the role of the treatment officer?
- locate and set up treatment area
- organise patients by priority
- move patients to transportation area
what is the role of the transportation officer
- coordinates transportation and distribution of patients to appropriate hospitals
what are vesicants?
blistering agents
what are the treatments for vesicants?
- decontaminate, support airway, transport to burn centre
what are the two classes of pulmonary agents
chlorine and phosgene
macintosh blade
- curved blade
- slides into the valeculla
- indirectly lifts the epiglottis byleveraging the hyoepiglotic ligament
Millar blade
- straight blade
- directly lifts the epiglottis
- used for peds and trauma
landmark needle thoracostomy
4th intercostal space anterior axillary
2nd intercostal mid clavicular
