Toxicology Test Methods Flashcards
Whole organism tests assess . . .
Acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, multi-species survival or growth
Biomarker test assess . . .
Biochemical/molecular endpoints, AhR induction, enzyme inhibition, mutations. Done in vitro with prokaryotic or eukaryotic targets
Must consider
Duration, route of exposure, toxic endpoint/outcome measured
Rainbow trout acute test
Static test, 10 fish/solution, 96h where lethality is the endpoint
What is the rainbout trout reference toxicant?
Phenol, zinc sulphate
Daphnia acute test
Static test, 10 daphnids/test solution, 48h were lethality is the endpoint
What is the reference toxicant for the Daphnia acute test?
Zinc sulphate, sodium chloride, potassium dichromate
Hyalella azteca test
Uses 7-9 day old H. azteca, 42 day, static-renewal of overlying water, 20 amphipods/test vessel
Hyalella azteca reference toxicant
Copper sulphate, cadmium chloride
Growth inhibition of Lemna
Tests growth of aquatic plants, floats on top of water, 7-10 day old cultures, 7 day static/static-renewal (every 3 days), two 3-fround plants/replicates, total growth based on weight
Lemna reference toxicant
nickel or potassium chloride
Effluent
the liquid wast discharged into the environment
Elutriate
the supernatant (or liquid) filtered from solid waste suspended into an aqueous solution
Leachate
wastewater that has been percolated through a column or soil/solid waste
Ames mutagenticity test
Assesses the mutagenicity of a chemical using mutations in bacteria as an endpoint, uses Salmonella that has a defect in histidine biosynthesis pathway, mixed with PCB-induced rat liver to mimic mammaliam metabolic pathways, count his- and his+ (indicated mutation)
