Definitions

Question 1

Toxicology

Answer 1

The study of detection, occurrence, properties, effects and regulations of toxic substances

Question 2

Xenobiotic

Answer 2

Any substance that is foreign to an organism

Question 3

Anthropogenic

Answer 3

Caused or produced by humans, would not occur in nature

Question 4

Toxicant

Answer 4

Man-made produced introduce into the environment due to human activity - poisonous agents

Question 5

Toxin

Answer 5

Toxic substance produced by a living organism

Question 6

Pollution

Answer 6

Substances in the environment that produce adverse effects - not necessarily toxicants

Question 7

Dilution paradigm

Answer 7

“The solution to pollution is dilution”

Question 8

Boomerang paradigm

Answer 8

“What you throw away can hurt you”

Question 9

In order for an effect to occur

Answer 9

1. Be released in the environment
2. Be exposed to the target organism
3. Be taken up by target organism - modification (?)
4. Cause a response in the target organsim

Question 10

A toxic event involves

Answer 10

1. Generation of a contaminant
2. Release of the contaminant
3. Movement of the contaminant to a receptor
4. Exposure at a high enough concentration for a long enough period of time
5. A response

Question 11

LC50

Answer 11

Lethal concentration 50%
- Concentration causing lethality in 50% of the test organism in a given time

Question 12

LD50

Answer 12

Lethal dose 50%
- Dose causing lethality in 50% of the organism

Question 13

LT50

Answer 13

Lethal time 50%
- Time it causes lethality in 50% of the organisms

Question 14

What does the E in EC50, ED50 and ET50?

Answer 14

Effective

Question 15

Probit

Answer 15

Idea that everyone has a threshold for how much toxin they can tolerate

Question 16

Logit

Answer 16

Idea that there is no threshold that everyone uniquely is tolerant to a toxin until, chances of effect is random chance

Question 17

NOEL

Answer 17

No observable effect level

Question 18

LOEL

Answer 18

Lowest observable effect level

Question 19

NOAEL

Answer 19

No observable adverse effect level

Question 20

LOAEL

Answer 20

Lowest observable adverse effect level

Question 21

Biotic modifying factor

Answer 21

Species, sex, age, size, nutrition

Question 22

Abiotic modifying factor

Answer 22

exposure route, partitioning, pH, O2, temperature, light