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pcol > Toxicology: Heavy Metals and Chelators > Flashcards

Toxicology: Heavy Metals and Chelators Flashcards

1
Q

found in:
* Storage batteries, ammunition,
* metal alloys, solder, glass,
* plastics, pigments and
* ceramics

A

Lead

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Lead has no useful purpose in the human body

A

true

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3
Q

lead is absorbed ____ but consistently via the _____ and _____

A

slowly; respiratory and gastrointestinal tract

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4
Q

how much lead is absorbed in children

A

50%

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5
Q

how much lead is absorbed in adults

A

10-15%

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Lead has poor absorption in the skin

A

true

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7
Q

Lead is ___% bound to RBCs, ___% free in
plasma

A

99% bound to RBCs, 1% free in
plasma

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8
Q

Lead is distributed through the ____

A

bone marrow, brain, kidney, liver, muscle and gonads; then bones

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Lead crosses the pancreas

A

false, placenta

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10
Q

half life of lead

A

1-2 months

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11
Q

Half life of lead in bones

A

years to decades

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12
Q

how much lead is excreted in urine

A

70%

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13
Q

Lead and arsenic inhibits ____

A

enzymatic function

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14
Q

what cations does lead interfere

A

calcium, zinc, iron

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15
Q

causes Oxidative stress generation

A

Lead and Arsenic

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16
Q

causes Gene expression changes

A

Lead and Arsenic

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17
Q

causes Cell signaling alteration

A

Lead and Arsenic

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18
Q

causes Disruption of membrane integrity

A

Lead and Arsenic

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Lead causes low bp

A

False, high bp

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20
Q

what are the Major Forms of Lead Intoxication

A

Inorganic Lead Poisoning and Organolead Poisoning

21
Q

what kind of lead (organic/inorganic) travels through skin, GI, and respiratory

A

organic, inorganic is GI and respiratory only

22
Q

major findings in organic lead

A

Encephalopathy

23
Q

what kind of lead (organic/inorganic) has clinical findings of CNS deficits; peripheral neuropathy; anemia; nephropathy; hypertension; reproductive toxicity

A

inorganic

24
Q

what kind of lead (organic/inorganic) Inhibits enzymes; interferes with essential
cations; alters membrane structures

A

inorganic

25
Q

inorganic lead metabolize and eliminate in ___

A

Renal (major); feces
and breast milk (minor)

26
Q

organic lead metabolize and eliminate in ___

A

Urine and feces (major);
Sweat (minor)

27
Q

treatment for lead and arsenic

A

chelation therapy

28
Q

what is chelation therapy medium, dose, and duration for lead poisoning

A

Intravenous edetate calcium disodium (CaNa 2 EDTA) at a dosage of 30-50mg/kg/d by continuous infusion for up to 5 days only

29
Q

Oral Succimer (DMSA) is given after __ days

A

5 days

30
Q

Retained lead objects require ___

A

gastrointestinal decontamination

31
Q

Semiconductors, wood preservatives, nonferrous alloys, glass and turf herbicide
monosodium methane arsonate (MSMA)

A

Arsenic

32
Q

arsenic is absorbed in ___

A

respiratory and GIT

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: percutaneous absorption of lead is limited

A

false, arsenic

34
Q

____ is Metabolized by the liver
via methylation reactions

A

Arsenic

35
Q

where is arsenic excreted

A

Excreted in the Urine
(major), sweat and feces

36
Q

distribution of arsenic

A

Predominantly soft tissues (highest in liver and kidney). Tightly bound to skin, hair and nails

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: arsenic causes encephalopathy

A

true

38
Q

Metabolism and Elimination of arsenic

A

Methylation; Excreted via Urine (major), Sweat and Feces (minor)

39
Q

Hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis involving hands and feet
Usually due to chronic inorganic arsenic
poisoning

A

Raindrop pattern”

40
Q

what is chelation therapy medium, dose, and duration for acute arsenic poisoning

A

Chelation with Unithiol 3 5mg/kg every 4-6 hours or Dimercaprol every 4-6 hours

41
Q

Quicksilver or liquid metal

A

Mercury

42
Q

found in Electrolytic production of chlorine
and caustic soda; electrical equipment, thermometer, instruments, fluorescent lamps; dental amalgams; artisanal gold
production

A

Mercury

43
Q

Absorbed from the lungs, GI tract, and percutaneous route

A

Mercury

44
Q

where is mercury most concentrated

A

kidneys

45
Q

mercury is excreted via

A

urine and feces

46
Q

major routes of elemental mercury

A

Respiratory tract

47
Q

major routes of inorganic mercury

A

GI, skin (minor)

48
Q

major routes of organic mercury

A

GI, skin, respiratory tract (minor)

pcol (8 decks)

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