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F24 > Toxicology AI Qs > Flashcards

Toxicology AI Qs Flashcards

1
Q

What is role of charcoal in aspirin dsp

A

Aspirin is often rapid absorption but can be delayed in DSP
Toxic conc>150mg/kg
Up to 6 hours post ingestion in awake patient and any time in intubated
Repeat dose if salicylate continue to rise

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2
Q

What is toxic dose of salicylates dsp

A

150mg/kg mild
150-300mg/kg: mild to mid: resp alkalosis followed by metabolic acidosis
300-500mg/kg: severe toxicity: confusion, altered consciousness state, coma, seizures, mixed resp acidosis and metabolic acidosis
>500mg/kg: potentially fatal

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3
Q

Symptoms of salicylate toxicity

A

GI: nausea, vomting epigastric pain
CNS: tinnitus, hearing impairment, dizziness, agitation
Altered loc, coma, seizure
Metabolic acidosis: primary resp alkalosis, mixed metabolic acidosis and resp alkalosis
Then metabolic and resp acidosis
Hypokalaemia, hypoglycaemia
Hyperthermia
Pulmonary oedema and aki

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4
Q

Investigation for aspirin toxicity

A

Salicylate level at 4-6 hours
Serum electrolyte 2-4 hourly
BSL
Vbg
Dipstick urine ph

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5
Q

What is sodium bicarbonate used for in salicylate toxicity

A
  1. Serum alkalinisation: more ionised and therefore less crossing of BBB leading to less iatrogenic resp acidosis
  2. Urinary alkalinisation: enhances elimination
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6
Q

Dose of sodium bicarbonate in aspirin dsp

A

8.4% sodium bicarbonate 1ml/kg
Up to 100ml bolus
25mmol/ hr infusion
150 ml of sodium bicarbonate into 850mls 5% dextrose and infuse .166 ml: hr

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7
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

A

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

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8
Q

True or False: Activated charcoal is effective for all types of poisonings.

A

False

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9
Q

Which antidote is used for opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for benzodiazepine overdose is __________.

A

Flumazenil

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11
Q

What is the recommended dose of N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen overdose?

A

140 mg/kg loading dose followed by 70 mg/kg every 4 hours for 17 doses

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12
Q

True or False: Digoxin-specific antibody fragments can be used to treat digoxin toxicity.

A

True

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13
Q

What antidote is used for heavy metal poisoning?

A

Dimercaprol

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14
Q

Which antidote is used for warfarin overdose?

A

Vitamin K

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15
Q

What is the antidote for methanol poisoning?

A

Ethanol or fomepizole

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for cyanide poisoning is __________.

A

Hydroxocobalamin

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17
Q

What is the dose of naloxone for opioid overdose?

A

0.4 to 2 mg IV/IM/SC, may repeat every 2 to 3 minutes if needed

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18
Q

True or False: There is no antidote for salicylate toxicity.

A

True

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19
Q

What is the primary treatment for iron overdose?

A

Deferoxamine

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20
Q

Which antidote is used for organophosphate poisoning?

A

Atropine and pralidoxime

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning is __________.

A

Oxygen

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22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of flumazenil?

A

Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist

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23
Q

What is the dose of activated charcoal for most poisonings?

A

1 g/kg, up to 50 g

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24
Q

True or False: The antidote for acetaminophen overdose is effective if given after 24 hours.

A

False

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25
Q

What is the antidote for theophylline overdose?

A

There is no specific antidote; treatment is supportive.

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26
Q

What is the antidote for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Fomepizole or ethanol

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27
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for phenobarbital overdose is __________.

A

There is no specific antidote; treatment is supportive.

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28
Q

Which antidote is used for anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?

A

Vitamin K1

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29
Q

What is the dose of hydroxocobalamin for cyanide poisoning?

A

5 g IV over 15 minutes

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30
Q

True or False: Naloxone can be administered intranasally.

A

True

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31
Q

What is the antidote for valproic acid toxicity?

A

L-carnitine

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32
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for colchicine overdose is __________.

A

There is no specific antidote; treatment is supportive.

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33
Q

What is the antidote for lead poisoning?

A

Chelation therapy with EDTA, dimercaprol, or succimer

34
Q

What is the dose of pralidoxime for organophosphate poisoning?

A

1-2 g IV over 30 minutes, may repeat every 1-2 hours

35
Q

Which antidote is used for the reversal of anticoagulants like dabigatran?

A

Idarucizumab

36
Q

What is the recommended dose of vitamin K for warfarin reversal?

A

1-10 mg IV, depending on INR and bleeding status

37
Q

True or False: Atropine is contraindicated in organophosphate poisoning.

A

False

38
Q

What is the dose of dimercaprol for arsenic poisoning?

A

3-5 mg/kg IM every 4 hours for 10 days

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for tricyclic antidepressant overdose is __________.

A

Sodium bicarbonate

40
Q

What is the antidote for hyperkalemia caused by digoxin toxicity?

A

Digoxin-specific antibody fragments

41
Q

What is the initial dose of fomepizole for methanol poisoning?

A

15 mg/kg IV

42
Q

True or False: Glucagon can be used for beta-blocker overdose.

A

True

43
Q

What is the primary treatment for calcium channel blocker overdose?

A

Calcium gluconate or calcium chloride

44
Q

Which antidote can be used for opioid-induced respiratory depression?

A

Naloxone

45
Q

What is the recommended dose of activated charcoal for acute poisoning?

A

1 g/kg, with a maximum of 50 g

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for iron overdose is __________.

A

Deferoxamine

47
Q

What is the antidote for paraquat poisoning?

A

There is no specific antidote; treatment is supportive.

48
Q

True or False: The use of flumazenil is always safe for benzodiazepine overdose.

A

False

49
Q

What is the antidote for isoniazid overdose?

A

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

50
Q

What is the mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine?

A

It replenishes glutathione and conjugates with toxic metabolites.

51
Q

What is the dose of sodium bicarbonate for tricyclic antidepressant overdose?

A

1-2 mEq/kg IV

52
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for anaphylaxis is __________.

A

Epinephrine

53
Q

Which antidote is used for the reversal of apixaban?

A

Andexanet alfa

54
Q

True or False: Ethanol is an effective antidote for methanol poisoning.

A

True

55
Q

What is the antidote for sotalol overdose?

A

There is no specific antidote; treatment is supportive.

56
Q

What is the recommended dose of vitamin K for reversing anticoagulants?

A

1-10 mg IV, based on INR

57
Q

What is the dose of naloxone for opioid reversal?

A

0.4 to 2 mg IV/IM/SC; may repeat every 2-3 minutes

58
Q

True or False: The antidote for cyanide poisoning is sodium thiosulfate.

A

False

59
Q

What is the antidote for beta-blocker poisoning?

A

Glucagon

60
Q

What is the dose of hydroxocobalamin for cyanide toxicity?

A

5 g IV over 15 minutes

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for methanol poisoning is __________.

A

Ethanol or fomepizole

62
Q

What is the mechanism of action for pralidoxime?

A

Reactivates acetylcholinesterase by removing organophosphate

63
Q

Which antidote is used for the reversal of dabigatran?

A

Idarucizumab

64
Q

True or False: Flumazenil can precipitate seizures in benzodiazepine-dependent patients.

A

True

65
Q

What is the primary treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Fomepizole or ethanol

66
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin overdose?

A

Vitamin K

67
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for digoxin toxicity is __________.

A

Digoxin-specific antibodies

68
Q

What is the recommended dose of dimercaprol for lead poisoning?

A

3-5 mg/kg IM every 4 hours

69
Q

True or False: There is a specific antidote for all drug overdoses.

A

False

70
Q

What is the antidote for opioid overdoses?

A

Naloxone

71
Q

What is the mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen overdose?

A

It acts as a precursor to glutathione.

72
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for organophosphate poisoning is __________.

A

Atropine and pralidoxime

73
Q

What is the antidote for calcium channel blocker toxicity?

A

Calcium

74
Q

True or False: Activated charcoal should be given if the patient is unconscious.

A

False

75
Q

What is the dose of flumazenil for benzodiazepine overdose?

A

0.2 mg IV over 30 seconds, may repeat every minute up to 1 mg

76
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

A

N-acetylcysteine

77
Q

What is the recommended dose of vitamin K for reversing warfarin?

A

1-10 mg IV, depending on INR

78
Q

Fill in the blank: The antidote for anticoagulant rodenticides is __________.

A

Vitamin K

79
Q

What is the antidote for hyperkalemia?

A

Calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, or insulin

80
Q

True or False: There is an antidote for every type of poisoning.

A

False

81
Q

What is the dose of sodium thiosulfate for cyanide poisoning?

A

12.5 g IV

82
Q

What is the antidote for iron overdose?

A

Deferoxamine

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