Renal AI Flashcards
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by excessive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia.
True or False: Nephrotic syndrome can lead to an increased risk of infection.
True
Fill in the blank: The primary symptom of nephrotic syndrome is __________.
edema
What is the primary cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Minimal change disease
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of nephrotic syndrome? A) Proteinuria B) Hypertension C) Edema D) Hyperlipidemia
B) Hypertension
What laboratory finding is most indicative of nephrotic syndrome?
Significant proteinuria (greater than 3.5 grams per day)
True or False: Nephrotic syndrome can result from diabetic nephropathy.
True
What type of diet is often recommended for patients with nephrotic syndrome?
A low-sodium and moderate-protein diet
Fill in the blank: The condition characterized by the presence of high lipid levels in the blood due to nephrotic syndrome is called __________.
hyperlipidemia
What is the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome?
Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation and proteinuria, especially in cases like minimal change disease.
What is Henoch-Schönlein purpura commonly known as?
IgA vasculitis
True or False: Henoch-Schönlein purpura primarily affects adults.
False
Fill in the blank: Henoch-Schönlein purpura is characterized by a purplish rash, abdominal pain, joint pain, and __________.
kidney involvement
Which immunoglobulin is primarily associated with Henoch-Schönlein purpura?
IgA
What is the typical age range for the onset of Henoch-Schönlein purpura?
Children aged 2 to 11 years
What is the primary cause of acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
Acute tubular necrosis is primarily caused by ischemia or nephrotoxins.
True or False: Acute tubular necrosis can be classified into prerenal and postrenal causes.
False: Acute tubular necrosis is primarily classified as intrinsic renal failure.
Fill in the blank: The most common nephrotoxin that leads to acute tubular necrosis is __________.
contrast dye
Which of the following is a symptom of acute tubular necrosis? A) Hematuria B) Oliguria C) Hypertension
B) Oliguria
What laboratory test is commonly used to diagnose acute tubular necrosis?
Serum creatinine levels are commonly used to diagnose acute tubular necrosis.
What is nephritic syndrome?
Nephritic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, leading to hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema.
True or False: Nephritic syndrome is primarily caused by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate.
True
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of nephritic syndrome? a) Hematuria b) Edema c) Hypercalcemia
c) Hypercalcemia
Fill in the blank: Nephritic syndrome often presents with _______ and _______ in the urine.
blood, protein