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Vet Nursing > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the dilution dose for corrosive ingestion?

A

1-3 ml/lb milk or water

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2
Q

When is induced emesis contraindicated?

A

In horses, ruminants, rodents, rabbits, and birds

Depressed or comatose patients

Hyperactive patients

or patients that have already vomitted

Also if they have ingested any hydrocarbons

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3
Q

What is the dose hydrogen peroxide may be given to induce vomitting?

A

1 teaspoon per 5 lbs

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4
Q

What are some examples of emetic agents?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

Syrup of Ipecac

Apomorphine hydrochloride (injectable only)

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5
Q

How does activated charcoal work?

A

Absorb chemicals/toxins

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6
Q

What indicates the use of activated charcoal?

A

Organic poisons

Chemicals

Bacterial toxins

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7
Q

What contraindicates activated charcoal?

A

Ingestion of:

P- Pesticides

H- Hydrocarbons

A- Acids

I- Iron

L-Lithium

S-Solvents

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8
Q

What are cathartics?

A

Increase the clearing of intestinal content

Enhance the elimination of activated charcoal absorbed toxicant

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9
Q

When are cathartics contraindicated?

A

In patients that with diarrhea or dehydration

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10
Q

What are some common sources of household acids?

A

Toilet bowl cleaners, drain openers, metal cleaners, antirust compounds, gun cleaners, battery fluids, sanitizers

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11
Q

What are some sources of household alkalines?

A

Drain openers, oven cleaner, bleaches, denture cleaners, cement

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12
Q

What pH can cause esophogeal ulcers?

A

pH 12.5

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13
Q

What pH can cause esophogeal perforation?

A

pH >14

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14
Q

What are some signs of essential oil ingestion?

A

GI and mucous membrane irritation, CNS depression, skin irritation

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15
Q

What are some severe signs of cationic detergent ingestion?

A

Redness of skin, tissue swelling, intense pain, ulceration

Tissue necrosis and inflammation of the mouth, stomach and esophagus

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16
Q

What are the first signs of nicotine ingestion? (Usually can be seen within 15 - 45 mins)

A

Excitation, tachypnea, salivation, emesis, and diarrhea

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17
Q

After the initial signs of nicotine ingestion what symptoms can be seen?

A

Muscle weakness, twitching, depression, shallow respiration, collapse, coma and cardiac arrest

18
Q

Napthalene, an active ingredient in mothballs can cause what?

A

Heinz bodies and hemolysis

19
Q

Paradichlorobenzene, an active ingredient in mothballs affect what?

A

Affect liver and CNS

20
Q

Tremorgenic mycotoxins are found on what?

A

Moldy food

21
Q

What plant species can cause cardiovascular dysfunction?

A

Rhododendrons/Azaleas

22
Q

When are clinical signs of Rhododendron sp. ingestion seen?

A

4-12 hours after ingestion

23
Q

Cardiac glycoside containing plants:

A

Lilly-of-the-valley, Foxglove, oleander

24
Q

Ingestion of one or more seeds has resulted in liver failure and death in dogs

A

Cycad/Sago Palms

25
Q

Toxin found in Cycad/Sago Palms

A

Cycasin Toxin

26
Q

What is the toxic portion of Castor beans?

A

Ricin

27
Q

Calcium Oxalate containing plants

A

Calla lily, elephant ear, dumb cane, pathos, mother-in-law’s tongue

28
Q

Highly toxic insecticide found in fly bait

A

Methomyl

29
Q

Most obvious sign of fly bait ingestion

A

Seizures

30
Q

Toxin found in slug and snail bait

A

Metaldehyde

31
Q

Toxin found in gopher or mole bait

A

Zinc phosphide

32
Q

Systemic insecticides contain Disulfoton or Disyston, or _________ which are highly toxic

A

Organophosphate

33
Q

3 main types of mouse/rat bait

A

Anticoagulant, Bromethalin, Cholecalciferol

34
Q

What is the treatment of Bromethalin or Cholecalciferol ingestion?

A

Aggressive decontamination - Repeated doses of activated charcoal

35
Q

Formaldehyde can cause _____ ______ if significant quantities are ingested

A

Metabolic acidosis

36
Q

3X less toxic than ethylene glycol

A

Propylene glycol

37
Q

Most dangerous form of antifreeze

A

Ethylene glycol

38
Q

Minimal lethal dose of ethylene glycol in dogs and cats

A

Dogs - 4.4-6.6 ml/kg

Cats- 1.4 ml/kg

39
Q

Ethylene glycol ingestion causes what?

A

Metabolic acidosis

Renal failure

40
Q

When is the peak level of ethylene glycol ingestion seen?

A

1-4 hours

41
Q

False positive results of ethylene glycol ingestion occur from what?

A

Activated charcoal and injectable meds

42
Q

Preferred treatment of ethylene glycol for dogs?

A

Fomepizole

Vet Nursing (5 decks)

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