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Pharm 1 > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Acute toxicity

A

ability of substance to cause severe biological harm/death soon after single exposure

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2
Q

Chronic toxicity

A

adverse effects as a result of repeated chemical dosing on a daily basis or exposure to chemical for majority of lifespan

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3
Q

LD50

A

dose at which 50% of animals tested die

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4
Q

Legally poisonous

A

LD50

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5
Q

TI

A

Therapeutic Index
LD50/ED50
larger number = safer drug

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6
Q

Emesis inducing agents

A

Apomorphine

Syrup of Ipecac

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7
Q

Contraindications of emetic treatment

A

Petroleum hydrocarbon - chemical pneumonitis

Caustic acid/alkali - rupture

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8
Q

Use of activated charchoal

A

very large SA for binding of organic toxicants preventing absorption

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9
Q

Cathartics

A

promote rapid movement/elimination of poison through GI tract

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10
Q

Antidote of Organophosphate poisoning

A

Pralidoxime

Atropine

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11
Q

Symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

A

paralysis of diaphragm

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12
Q

Cyanide mechanism

A

deactivates cytochrome c
cell can no longer produce ATP
affects CNS/cardiac tissue
LD50 = 2mg/kg (1-15 min)

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13
Q

Antidote of cyanide poisoning

A

amyl nitrate (inhaled)
sodium nitrate (IV)
sodium thiosulfate with O2 (IV)
whole blood

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14
Q

Symptoms of botulinum poisoning

A

Paralysis

respiratory depression

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15
Q

Treatment of botulinum poisoning

A

ABCs, lavage, emesis, charcoal, antitoxin

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16
Q

Botulinum antitoxin

A

antibodies against botulinum toxin

single dose - 10ml

17
Q

Heavy metal treatment

A

BAL

DMSA - primary

18
Q

DMSA as treatment

A

Indication - arsenic, mercury, lead
Adverse rxn - chills, fever, diarrhea
Adults - 10 x 8hrs for 5 days
Kids - 10 x 8 hrs for 5 days plus 10 x 12 hrs for 14 days

19
Q

Alcohol poisoning

A

normal ethanol metabolic enzymes convert other alocohols into poisonous byproducts

20
Q

Treatment of alcohol poisoning

A

Competitively bind enzyme with more alcohol

Fomepizole - blocks alcohol dehydrogenase

21
Q

CO poisoning

A

210x greater affinity for Hb than O2

40-60% may have a cherry red appearance

22
Q

CO treatment

A

artificial respiration with pure O2

Hyperbaric chamber if sypmtomatic

23
Q

Warfarin poisoning treatment

A

Vitamin K

24
Q

Opioid poisoning treatment

A

Competitive blockers
Naloxone - fast action; short duration
Naltrexone - slower but longer duration

25
Q

Methemoglobinemia

A

heme iron is in ferric state - cannot transport oxygen

26
Q

Methemoglobinemia treatment

A

methylene blue

chemical reducer

27
Q

Sympathomimetic toxidrome

A 
CNS - agitation, hallucination, paranoia
Respiratory - none
Pupils - dilated
Other - HTN, hyperthermia
Drugs - cocaine, amphetamine, PCP
28
Q

Sedative toxidrome

A 
CNS - stupor, coma
Respiratory - decreased/failure
Pupils - constricted/dilated
Other - hypotension, hypothermia
Drugs - alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines
29
Q

Opioid toxidrome

A 
CNS - coma
Respiratory - decreased/failure
Pupils - miosis
Other - opiate triad ^
Drugs - opiates, morphine, codeine, oxy
30
Q

Anticholinergic toxidrome

A

CNS - agitation
Respiratory - none
Pupils - mydriasis
Other - fever, dry skin, urinary retention
Drugs - anticholinergics, antidepressants

31
Q

Cholinergic toxidrome

A 
CNS - coma
Respriatory - none
Pupils - miosis
Other - fasciculation, incontinence, bradycardia
Drugs - organophosphates
32
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant toxidrome

A 
CNS - coma, agitation
Respiration - none
Pupils - dilatd
Other - dysarrhythmias, convulsions
Drugs - TCAs
33
Q

Salicylate toxidrome

A 
CNS - variable
Respriation - maybe increase
Pupils - none
Other - diaphoresis, tinnitis, agitation, acidosis
Drugs - aspirin

Pharm 1 (6 decks)

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