Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine / Misc. > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

LD(50) / ED(50)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organophosphate (Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor) Antidote

A

Pralidoxime

MOA: binds to organophosphates and permites rapid excretion

usually adminsitered w/ atropine to block muscarinic effects of PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cyanide Antidote

A

amyl nitrite (inhaled) + sodium nitrite (IV) + sodium thiosulfate (IV) + O2

MOA: converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin –> combines w/ CN to form nontoxic cyanmethemoglobin –> thiocyanate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lead Poisoning Antidote

A

DMSA / succimer

5 day Tx for adults
19 day Tx for children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Botulinism Antidote

A

Trivalent Antitoxin (A, B, E)

MOA: neutralizing antibody

Single 10 mL vial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ethylene glycol / methanol Antidote

A

Fomepizole

MOA: blocks alcohol dehydrogenase

can use hemodialysis as adjuct Tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carbon Monoxide Tx

A

Artificial respiration w/ pure O2; hyperbaric O2 chamber if symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Warfarin Antidote

Receptor Competitor Tx

A

Vitamin K (phytonadione)

Severe bleeding: prothrombin complex, fresh frozen plasma infusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Opioid Antidote

Receptor Competitor Tx

A

Naloxone (competetive inhibitor); duration: 45 mins.

Naltrexone: (competitive inhibitor); duration: 24-72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Methemoglobinemia Antidote

Receptor Competitor Tx

A

Methylene Blue

MOA: causes a direct chemical reduction of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin

Rx: excess methemoglobin (exposure to nitrites, sulfa drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sympathomimetic Toxidrome

A

Mydriasis
HTN, tremor, hyperthermia

Drugs: cocaine, amphetamines, PCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sedative / Hypnotic Toxidrome

A

Coma
↓ respiration
miosis or mydriasis
hypotension

Drugs: alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Opioid / Opiate Toxidrome

A

“opiate triad”:
Coma
↓ respiration
pinpoint (miosis)

hypothermia, hypotension, histamine release

Drugs: opiates, morphine, codeine, propoxyphene, oxycodone, hydrocodone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anticholinergic Toxidrome

A

CNS agitation

mydriasis

fever, dry skin, flushing, urinary retention

Drugs: anticholinergics, antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cholinergic Toxidrome

A

Pinpoint (miosis)

SLUDGE
(salivatioin, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, emesis)

Drugs: organophosphates, nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TCA Toxidrome

A

Coma / CNS agitation

Mydriasis

Dysrhythmia, convulsions, hypotension (due to alpha blockade)

17
Q

Salicylate Toxidrome

A

↑ or normal respiration

diaphoresis, tinnitis, agitation, alkolosis (early), acidosis (late), hyperpyrexia

Drugs: aspirin

18
Q

Acetaminophen Poisoning

A

Signs: hepatic necrosis; death due to hepatic failure

Tx: n-actylcysteine –> restores glutathione

Endocrine / Misc. (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions