toxicology

Question 1

blood dyscrasia:

Answer 1

bone marrow depression caused by drug effects on the
rapidly multiplying cells of the bone marrow; lower-than-normal levels
of blood components can be seen

Question 2

dermatological reactions:

Answer 2

skin reactions commonly seen as adverse
effects of drugs; can range from simple rash to potentially fatal
exfoliative dermatitis

Question 2

drug allergy: formation of antibodies to a drug or drug protein; causes an
immune response when the person is next exposed to that drug

Question 2

hypersensitivity:

Answer 2

excessive responsiveness to either the primary or the
secondary effects of a drug; may be caused by a pathological condition
or, in the absence of one, by a particular patient’s individual response

Question 2

poisoning:

Answer 2

overdose of a drug that causes damage to multiple body
systems and has the potential for fatal reactions

Question 2

stomatitis:

Answer 2

inflammation of the mucous membranes related to drug
effects; can lead to alterations in nutrition and dental problems

Question 2

superinfections:

Answer 2

infections caused by the destruction of normal flora
bacteria by certain drugs, which allow other bacteria to grow out of
control and cause infection; may occur during the course of antibiotic
therapy

Question 2

The normal flora protect the body
from invasion by other bacteria, viruses, fungi, and so on. Several kinds of
drugs (especially antibiotics) destroy the normal flora, leading to the
development of

Answer 2

superinfections,

Question 3

) are antidiabetic agents that have the desired action of
lowering the blood glucose level but can lower blood glucose too far, causing
hypoglycemia.

Answer 3

Glipizide (Glucotrol) and
glyburide (DiaBeta

Question 4

Electrolyte Imbalances
Because they are chemicals acting in a body that works by chemical
reactions, drugs can have an effect on various electrolyte levels in the body.
The electrolyte that can cause the most serious effects when it is altered, even
a little, is

Answer 4

potassium.

Question 5

The blood vessels in the retina are very tiny and are called

Answer 5

“end arteries,”

Question 6

a drug used to treat some
rheumatoid diseases, can cause retinal damage and even blindness.

Answer 6

Chloroquine (Aralen),

Question 7

Auditory Damage
Tiny vessels and nerves in the ___ are easily irritated and
damaged by certain drugs

Answer 7

eighth cranial nerve

Question 8

one of the most
commonly used drugs, is often linked to auditory ringing and eighth cranial
nerve effects.

Answer 8

Aspirin,

Question 9

that have direct CNS effects can cause
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

Answer 9

General anesthetics and other drugs

Question 10

a generalized syndrome that includes high fever; if not treated quickly,this can be fatal.

Answer 10

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome