Herbal theraphy Flashcards
(source of digitalis);
foxglove
(source of reserpine)
snakeroot
(source of aspirin)
willow bark
(source of taxol)
pacific yew tree
Phytomedicine –
medicine derived from plants
HERBAL MONOGRAPHS
Two Primary types
Therapeutic monographs
Qualitative monographs
HERBAL MONOGRAPHS
Therapeutic monographs
– contained information on use,
dosage, side effects and contraindication
HERBAL MONOGRAPHS
Qualitative monographs
have information on areas such as compliance
with compounding guidelines and standard purity
- a movement towards consistency and comparison.
Standardization
Dried herbs
fresh herbs that have the moisture removed by sun or heat – can be stored for about 6 months.
Extracts
– made by isolating certain components resulting in more reliable dosing. dissolving the herb in a solvent such as alcohol or water is a common way to prepare an extract, which may or may not be standardized.
Fresh herbs
may decay after a few days because of enzyme activity, hence they have a short lifespan – drying is a
means of preservation
Oils
- made by soaking dried herb in olive or vegetable oil and then heating for an extended time
Salves
semisolid fatty preparations, are made by melting a wax in oil and allowing it to cool and harden. If stored correctly, they last for several months as balms, creams and ointments
Teas
made by steeping fresh or dried herbs in boiling water
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Aloe/Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis
Uses:
Interactions/ precautions:
Side /Adverse Effects:
Uses:
* Internal for constipation;
* Externally to relieve pain; and
* Promote healing of burns, wounds, sunburn, psoriasis
Interactions/ precautions:
* Internal use contraindicated if pregnant, lactating, children <12y
* Consult with HCP before taking if patient have ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, disease, taking cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmics, thiazide diuretics, licorice, or corticosteroids.
Overdose/long term may cause arrhythmias, neuropathies, edemas, albuminuria, hematuria (side effects are rare)
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Black Cohosh
Uses:
Interactions/ precautions:
Side /Adverse Effects:
a popular supplement used to treat hot flashes; palpitations; and irritability (short term menopausal symptoms). Short term use is recommended. However, it potentiates the effect of insulin, oral hypoglycemics and antihyper- tensive drugs.
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Dong Quai (Angelica Sinensis )
Uses:
Interactions/ precautions:
Side /Adverse Effects:
Herb-Drug interaction :
Side effects :
Actions : Phytoestrogen activity, Vasodilation, Small muscle relaxation, Decreased IgE antibody production
Uses: PMS, menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular support Interactions/precautions: Avoid use with prescription anticoagulants, history of bleeding disorders, pregnancy, if at risk for breast cancer
Herb-Drug interaction : additive bleeding effect with anticoagulants, aspirin, NSAIDs
Side effects : Rash and photosensitivity, fever, bleeding
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Echinacea (purple coneflower)
E. purpura ,E. angustifolia, E. pallida
Actions :
Uses :
Topical :
Investigational use :
Interactions/ precautions:
Side effects :
Actions : Stimulates immune system; Antibacterial, Anti- viral, antipyretic, anti fungal as topical
Uses : Prevention and early treatment of colds and flu; recurrent respiratory, ear, and urinary tract infections.
➢ Topical : Canker sores, fungal infections
➢ Investigational use : Stimulate immune system of HIV/AIDS clients
Interactions/ precautions:
* Avoid use with immunosup- pressants such as cortico - steroids (may counteract), persons with chronic systemic disease of immune system (e.g., SLE, HIV, TB, MS); Safety not determined in pregnancy lactation, and in children <2y
Side effects : Lozenges/ tincture : temporary numbness or tingling of tongue; Cross- sensitivity in client allergic to daisy family, GI upset, diarrhea
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Evening Rose (Oenothera biennis)
Actions :
Uses :
Interactions/ precautions:
Side effects :
Action : Natural estrogen promoter
Uses : PMS; problems with synthesis of fatty acids; abnormal prostaglandin production; diabetic neuropathies; chronic inflammatory conditions (eczema); overactive immune systems
Interactions/Precautions : Avoid use if pregnant or lactating; May lower seizure threshold if taken with anticonvulsants; anticonvul- sant dose may need modification or do not use concurrently
Side/ Adverse Effects : GI upset; nausea; headache; rash; immunosuppression with long term use
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Feverfew (tanacetum parthenium; chrysanthemum parthenium)
Actions :
Uses :
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : Interferes with platelet aggregation, inhibits release of serotonin from platelets, blocks proinflammatory mediators, digestive relaxant
Uses : Prevention and long term management of migraine headaches; rheumatoid arthritis; menstrual problems; allergies Interactions /precautions : * Cross sensitivity to plants in the daisy family; Avoid with pregnancy, lactation, with prescription and anticoagulants, and in children <2 yrs; consult HCP before using herb if taking prescription NSAIDS (decreases effectiveness); may interfere with SSRI antidepressants (E.g. Prozac)
Side effects : Possible gastric distress of mouth sores if using raw leaves; muscle stiffness; may have rebound headache if discontinued abruptly
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Garlic (Allium sativum)
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : Detoxifies body and increase immune function; decreases platelet; increases HDL and decreases cholesterol and triglycerides, broad antimicrobial activity, mild antihypertensive; hypoglycemia
Uses : hypercholesterolemia, mild HTN, colds and flu
Caution : use with anticoa- gulants because of increased fibrinolysis and decrease platelets
Interactions/ Precautions : Avoid use during pregnancy and lactation (may stimulate labor or cause infant colic) and hypothyroidism; blood pressure may decrease in 30 mins and return to baseline in about 2 hrs.
Side effects : Heartburn, flatulence, gastric irritation, decreased RBCs; dizziness, diaphoresis
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : Stimulates digestion, increases bile and motility; antispasmodic; decreases platelet aggregation; decreases absorption and increases excretion of cholesterol; antioxidant
Uses : Nausea, pregnancy morning sickness (short term, low dose only); motion sickness; gastric protection; avoid long-term use with pregnancy, thrombocytopenia abortifacient in large amounts)
Caution : With prescription anticoagulants (additive effect) consult with HCP before use; if have with gallstones may increase absorption of all PO medications
Side effects : May cause gastric discomfort if not taken with food; anorexia
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Ginkgo biloba (Gingko folium)
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : Antioxidant; peripheral vasodilatation and increased blood flow to CNS, Reduces platelet aggregation
Uses : Allergic rhinitis, Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety/ stress, Dementia, Raynaud’s disease, tinnitus, vertigo, impotence, poor circulation, altitude sickness; avoid use in pregnancy, lactation, children, and with MAOIs
Caution : With prescription anticoagulants monitor bleeding and prothrombin times. Extra caution if using ginger, garlic, or feverfew: may increase BP if used with thiazide diuretics DC 2 wks before surgery; ginkgo fruit may result in severe rash; seeds are toxic
Side effects : Initially, mild transient headache that usually stops in 2 days; mild gastric Distress; toxicity: vomiting diarrhea,
dermatitis, irritability
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Ginseng eleuthera or Siberian (Eleutherococcus, Acanthopanax senticosus)
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : Supports adrenal glands, Enhance energy levels by inhibiting alarm phase SNS response, stimulates RBC production, decreases blood sugar levels, protects from cellular mutation from carcinogens
Uses : Cold and flu prevention, adaptation to stress, chronic fatigue syndrome, SLE, HIV mental fatigue and physical exhaustion, following chemotherapy or radiation treatments, recovery from chronic or long term illness
Interactions/ Precautions : Avoid with BP > 170/90, pregnancy, lactation, children, bipolar or psychic disorders, DM; anticoagulants (may increase or decrease anticoagulants dependent on species); may increase effects of caffeine and HRT, falsely elevate digoxin levels, interact with antipsychotic drugs Side effects : Hypertension, palpitations, occasional diarrhea, possible insomnia if taken at bedtime; ginseng abuse syndrome: edema, insomnia, hypertonia; may be life threatening
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : Stimulates immune system and bile secretion antipyretic board spectrum antibiotic activity
Uses : For infection of the respiratory, digestive, urinary tracts; mucous membranes, cholecystitis, cirrhosis
Interactions /Precautions : Avoid with pregnancy, lactation ,children, HPN dosing > 5-7 d of higher doses may increase liver enzymes or malabsorption of B vitamins; may decrease effects of heparin, anticoa- gulants, cardiac glycosides increased effect of anti- arrhythmics; antihyper- tensive, beta-blockers and CNS depressant
Interactions / Precautions : Avoid with BP> 170/90, pregnancy, lactation, children, bipolar or psychic disorders, DM may increase or decrease. Caution : in clients with cardiovascular disease, DM or glaucoma
Side effects : In higher doses may be hepatotoxic . Toxicity : CNS depression, restlessness, seizures , cardiovascular collapse
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Kava (Piper methysticum)
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : CNS sedation without loss of mental acuity or memory
Uses : Anxiety, insomnia, skeletal muscle spasm; good with psychotic disorders, no risk of tolerance
Interactions / Precautions : Avoid with pregnancy, lactation, parkinsonism, and if taking levodopa; not for young children; avoid alcohol use and if need to be alert or operate machinery; Increases CNS sedating drugs especially benzodia- zepines; fat soluble, so may have delayed effects.
Side effects : high doses may cause loss of balance, pulmonary hypertension; may cause liver toxicity; use > 3 mos may turn skin yellow: discontinue drug, HPN, headache, weakness
COMMONLY USED HERBAL licorice
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hepato and gastric protective, antidepressant, estrogenic, laxative.
Uses : Viral infection, upper respiratory Infection, inflammation, Addison’s disease, depression, ulcers; topically: herpes, psoriasis, eczema; DCL: IBS, mouth ulcers
Interactions / Precautions : Avoid with pregnancy, lactation, children, htn, kidney or liver disorders, or if at risk for hypokalemia
Caution with DM; increased testosterone effect with increasing dose and duration; antagonizes antihypertensive meds and spironolactone: potentiates corticostroids and digitalis
Side effects : Dose > 500 mg/dl results in aldosterone – like syndrome that reverses when herb discontinued
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : Increased regene- ration of liver cells ; increases antioxidant activity
Uses : Liver Disease (hepatitis), cholecystitis, psoriasis
Interactions /Precautions : Avoid use in pregnancy, lactation, in children; herbs does not reverse cirrhotic liver changes but disease may be slowed with increased quality of life
Side effects : Diarrhea first days of therapy, nausea, vomiting, menstrual changes
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
. St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Uses : Mood swings, mild to moderate depression, anxiety, sleep disorders topically: burns , wounds
Interactions/ Precautions : Avoid with pregnancy, lactation, prescription anti depressants, MAOIs indinavir, children <2y; may decrease effects of digoxin; monitor serum digoxin levels; interferes with absorption of iron and other minerals
Side effects : Skin photosen- sitivity, headache, occasional GI upset, dry mouth, dizziness ,confusion
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
. Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : Antispasmodic, increase bile flow, carminative , external analgesic
Uses : IBS ,indigestion, cholecystitis, infant colic, nasal decongestant;
topically: musculoskeletal pain, itching, cold
Interactions /Precautions : Consult HCP before taking if cholecystitis or obstructed bile duct; may interfere with iron absorption
Side effects : none known
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
.Saw Palmetto (Serenoa Repens, Sabal Serrulata)
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions : Decreases size of prostate; increase break down of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin: antiandrogenic; diuretic
Uses : BPH, chronic cystitis sexual potency
Interactions /Precautions : Avoid with pregnancy, lactation, in children, in clients with breast cancer; may interferes with PSA test, discontinue herb 1-2 weeks before test; may increase or decrease effects of anti -inflammatories and immunostimulants; may antagonize hormone therapy
Side effects : Headache, dysuria, back pain; Gastric disturbance (rare )
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :
Actions: Sedative/hypnotic, antispasmodic, increases deep sleep
Uses: Insomnia, stress head- ache, mild anxiety, muscle cramps and spasm
Interactions /Precautions : Long term use monitor liver function if elevated discontinue herb; Avoid in pregnancy, lactation, children, with prescription sedative / hypnotics, MAOIs anticoagulants; Increased
sedative effect with barbiturates, negates effects of phenytoin;
Foul smell, no dependence or tolerance
Side effects: Anxiety, headache, occasional GI up set and hang over effects, CNS depression
remedies for migraine
ginko, ginger, rosemary, coffee, hyericum, mint
aka TAMA
RA 8423
traditional and alternative medicine act of 1997
10 herbal medicine approved by the DOH
SANTALUBBY
SAMBONG
uses
prep
or note
-anti edeme
-diuretic
-anti urolithiasis
boil chopped leaves in water for 15 min until 1 glassful remains then cool and strain
bayabas
washing wounds
tootache
diahrrhea
warm decoction = gargle
AKAPULKO
uses
prep
or note
-antifungal
-tinea flava
-ringworm
-athletes foot and scabies
fresh matured leaves are pounded
apply as a soap
niyug niyugan
-anti helminitic (used to expel parasitic worms)
-seeds eaten raw 2 hrs before last meal
-adult 10
-4-7y/o 4 seeds
-8-9 6 seeds
- 10-12 7 seeds
TSAANG GUBAT
-dhiarrhea
-stomach ache
-boil chopped leaves
Ampalaya
-lower blood sugar
-diabetes melitus
lagundi
-asthma and cough
-fever dysentery colds and pain
- skin diseases and wounds
-headache
-rheumatism, sprain
-aromatic bath
bawang
hypertension
tootache
lower cholesterol in blood
ulasimang bato
-lowers uric acid
Tawa tawa
for Dengue
yerba buena
-pain diff parts of body
-rehumatism, athritis
-cough n cold
-swolen gums/tootache
-mestrual / gas pain
-nausea and fainting
-insect bites and pruritus
