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Pharmacology Step 1 > toxicology > Flashcards

toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Antidote for acetaminophen poisoning

A

Acetylcysteine

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2
Q

Antidote for AChE inhibitors

A

Atropine + pralidoxime

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3
Q

Antidote for Iron or iron salt poisoning

A

Deferoxamine

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4
Q

Antidote for Digoxin poisoning

A

Digoxin immune F(ab)

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5
Q

Antidotes for metal toxicity

A
  • Dimercaprol for Arsenic, gold, mercury, lead
  • PO succimer for milder lead and mercury toxicity
  • EDTA: backup in lead poisoning and for rare toxicities including Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Zn
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6
Q

Antidote for Theophylline

A

Theophyline increases cAMP, so give Esmolol (B1 blocker)

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7
Q

Antidote for beta agonists

A

Esmolol

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8
Q

Antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning

A
  • Ethanol

- Fomepizole

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9
Q

Antidote for Benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zaleplon

A

-Flumazenil blocks benzodiazepine receptors BZ1 and BZ2

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10
Q

Antidote for opioid analgesics

A

Naloxone

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11
Q

Antidote for CO

A

O2

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12
Q

Antidote for Cu poisoning

A

penicillamine

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13
Q

Antidote for anticholinergics such as atropine, antihistamines

A

Physostigmine (can get into the CNS)

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14
Q

Antidote for heparin

A

Protamine

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15
Q

Antidote for Warfarin overdose

A

Vitamin k

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16
Q

Nonspecific antidote for all oral poisonings (to block absorption)

A

Activated charchol

exceptions: heavy metals or corrosives

17
Q

Arsenic

A
  • Acute: gastroenteritis, garlic breath, rice-water stools. antidote: dimercaprol, activated charcoal
  • Chronic:skin pigmentation changes (raindrop), stocking glove neuropathy. Antidote:penicillamine or succimer
18
Q

Iron

A

Acute: severe GI dystress, necrotizing, bloody vomiting and diarrhea, antidote=deferoxamine

19
Q

Lead

A

Acute: GI, malaise, tremor, tinnitus, paresthesias antidote: dimercaprol or EDTA

chronic: multisystem, microcytic sideroblastic anemia, neuropathy (lead palsy), GI (lead cholic), MR, decreased fertility antidote succimer

20
Q

Mercury

A

Acute from vapor inhalation from dental amalgams: chest pain, dyspnea, pneumonitis

chronic: CNS effects, ataxia, vision, paresthesias, auditory and visual loss, loosening of teeth. mercury is in some fish.
antidote: succimer or dimercaprol

21
Q

Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:

  • miosis
  • salivation
  • sweating
  • GI cramps
  • diarrhea
  • muscle twitches–>seizures
  • coma
  • respiratory failure
A

Drug: AChE inhibitor, organophosphates, nerve gases

Antidote: respiratory support, atropine + pralidoxamine

Note: like our sim center case`

22
Q

Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:

  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased blood pressure
  • hyperthermia
  • delirium
  • hallucinations
  • mydriasis
A

Drug: Atropine and muscarinic blockers

Antidotes: physostigmine (crosses blood brain barrier)

23
Q

Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:

  • Dyspnea with hyperventilation
  • mydriasis
  • vertigo
  • cardiovascular signs
  • decreased blood pressure
  • syncope
  • increased heart rate
  • arrhythmias
A

drug: CO

Antidote: hyperbaric O2 and decontamination

24
Q

Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:

  • anxiety
  • hyperthermia
  • mydriasis
  • increased heart rate
  • increased blood pressure
  • psychosis
  • seixures
A

drug: CNS stimulants such as amphetamines
antidote: hyperthermia, seizures, may also give benzodiazepines or antipsychotics

25
Q

Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:

  • lethargy
  • sedation
  • decreased heart rate
  • decreased blood pressure
  • hypoventilation
  • miosis
  • coma
  • respiratory failure
A

drug: opioid analgesics
antidote: naloxone and ventilatory support

26
Q

Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:

  • confusion
  • lethargy
  • hyperventilation
  • hyperthermia
  • dehydration
  • hypokalemia
  • acidosis
  • seizures
  • coma
A

drug: salicylates (ASA)
antidote: correct acidosis and electrolytes–urinary alkalinization, possible hemodialysis

27
Q

Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:

  • disinhibition initially
  • lethargy
  • ataxia
  • nystagmus
  • stupor
  • coma
  • hypothermia
  • respiratory failure
A

drugs: sedative-hypnotics and ethanol
antidotes: ventilatory support, flumazenil if benzodiazepines are implicated

28
Q

Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:

  • agitation
  • confusion
  • hallucinations
  • muscle rigidity
  • hyperthermia
  • increased heart rate
  • increased blood pressure
  • seizures
A

drug: SSRIs “serotonin syndrome”

antidote: control hyperthermia and seizures
cyproheptadine, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines

29
Q

Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:

  • mydriasis
  • hyperthermia
  • 3 c’s: convulsions, coma, cardiotoxicity
  • arrhythmias
A

drug: tricyclic antidepressants
antidote: control seizures and hyperthermia, correct acidosis and possible arrhythmias

Pharmacology Step 1 (6 decks)

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