toxicology Flashcards
Antidote for acetaminophen poisoning
Acetylcysteine
Antidote for AChE inhibitors
Atropine + pralidoxime
Antidote for Iron or iron salt poisoning
Deferoxamine
Antidote for Digoxin poisoning
Digoxin immune F(ab)
Antidotes for metal toxicity
- Dimercaprol for Arsenic, gold, mercury, lead
- PO succimer for milder lead and mercury toxicity
- EDTA: backup in lead poisoning and for rare toxicities including Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Zn
Antidote for Theophylline
Theophyline increases cAMP, so give Esmolol (B1 blocker)
Antidote for beta agonists
Esmolol
Antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
- Ethanol
- Fomepizole
Antidote for Benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zaleplon
-Flumazenil blocks benzodiazepine receptors BZ1 and BZ2
Antidote for opioid analgesics
Naloxone
Antidote for CO
O2
Antidote for Cu poisoning
penicillamine
Antidote for anticholinergics such as atropine, antihistamines
Physostigmine (can get into the CNS)
Antidote for heparin
Protamine
Antidote for Warfarin overdose
Vitamin k
Nonspecific antidote for all oral poisonings (to block absorption)
Activated charchol
exceptions: heavy metals or corrosives
Arsenic
- Acute: gastroenteritis, garlic breath, rice-water stools. antidote: dimercaprol, activated charcoal
- Chronic:skin pigmentation changes (raindrop), stocking glove neuropathy. Antidote:penicillamine or succimer
Iron
Acute: severe GI dystress, necrotizing, bloody vomiting and diarrhea, antidote=deferoxamine
Lead
Acute: GI, malaise, tremor, tinnitus, paresthesias antidote: dimercaprol or EDTA
chronic: multisystem, microcytic sideroblastic anemia, neuropathy (lead palsy), GI (lead cholic), MR, decreased fertility antidote succimer
Mercury
Acute from vapor inhalation from dental amalgams: chest pain, dyspnea, pneumonitis
chronic: CNS effects, ataxia, vision, paresthesias, auditory and visual loss, loosening of teeth. mercury is in some fish.
antidote: succimer or dimercaprol
Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:
- miosis
- salivation
- sweating
- GI cramps
- diarrhea
- muscle twitches–>seizures
- coma
- respiratory failure
Drug: AChE inhibitor, organophosphates, nerve gases
Antidote: respiratory support, atropine + pralidoxamine
Note: like our sim center case`
Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:
- Increased heart rate
- Increased blood pressure
- hyperthermia
- delirium
- hallucinations
- mydriasis
Drug: Atropine and muscarinic blockers
Antidotes: physostigmine (crosses blood brain barrier)
Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:
- Dyspnea with hyperventilation
- mydriasis
- vertigo
- cardiovascular signs
- decreased blood pressure
- syncope
- increased heart rate
- arrhythmias
drug: CO
Antidote: hyperbaric O2 and decontamination
Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:
- anxiety
- hyperthermia
- mydriasis
- increased heart rate
- increased blood pressure
- psychosis
- seixures
drug: CNS stimulants such as amphetamines
antidote: hyperthermia, seizures, may also give benzodiazepines or antipsychotics
Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:
- lethargy
- sedation
- decreased heart rate
- decreased blood pressure
- hypoventilation
- miosis
- coma
- respiratory failure
drug: opioid analgesics
antidote: naloxone and ventilatory support
Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:
- confusion
- lethargy
- hyperventilation
- hyperthermia
- dehydration
- hypokalemia
- acidosis
- seizures
- coma
drug: salicylates (ASA)
antidote: correct acidosis and electrolytes–urinary alkalinization, possible hemodialysis
Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:
- disinhibition initially
- lethargy
- ataxia
- nystagmus
- stupor
- coma
- hypothermia
- respiratory failure
drugs: sedative-hypnotics and ethanol
antidotes: ventilatory support, flumazenil if benzodiazepines are implicated
Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:
- agitation
- confusion
- hallucinations
- muscle rigidity
- hyperthermia
- increased heart rate
- increased blood pressure
- seizures
drug: SSRIs “serotonin syndrome”
antidote: control hyperthermia and seizures
cyproheptadine, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines
Name the drug and antidote associated with the following symptoms:
- mydriasis
- hyperthermia
- 3 c’s: convulsions, coma, cardiotoxicity
- arrhythmias
drug: tricyclic antidepressants
antidote: control seizures and hyperthermia, correct acidosis and possible arrhythmias
