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FAMS > Toxic Plants > Flashcards

Toxic Plants Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main clinical signs associated with wild cherry toxicity?

A

Exercise intolerance, down, down with seizures, dead

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2
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of wild cherry toxicity in cattle.

A

Blood-oxygen is irreversibly bound to hemoglobin resulting in venous blood being bright “cherry” red

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3
Q

What is the toxin responsible for wild cherry toxicity?

A

Cyanide (Prussic acid)

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4
Q

What is the onset time of wild cherry toxicity?

A

15-20 minutes

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5
Q

What is the toxic dose of wild cherries?

A

1-5 lbs for 1200 lb cow

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6
Q

How to diagnose wild cherry toxicity

A

Clinical signs, history of exposure, presence of wild cherry leaves in rumen on necropsy

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7
Q

What is the treatment for wild cherry toxicity?

A

Sodium thiosulfate/nitrate
-100-250 mL IV
-from reconstituted bulk powder

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8
Q

When are wild cherry leaves the most likely to cause clinical problems?

A

When the leaves are wilted and young- after fence rows are being replaced or after a thunderstorm causing trees to be down or limbs broken down

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs and organ affected during japanese yew toxicity?

A

Acute death due to cardiac arrest

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10
Q

What is the onset time of japanese yew toxicity?

A

1-3 hours

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11
Q

What is the toxic dose of japanese yew toxicity?

A

1 lb/1200 lb cow

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12
Q

When are japanese yew plants the most toxic?

A

Older leaves
-usually occurs due to suburban encroachment on farmland, or cattle tearing into neighbors yards

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13
Q

What is the toxin responsible for japanese yew toxicity?

A

Taxine

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14
Q

What are the main clinical signs of buckeye toxicity?

A

Goose stepping (slilted gait), down, and hyperesthesia

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15
Q

What is the main organ affected in buckeye toxicity cases?

A

The brain- neurologic signs similar to grass tetany common

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16
Q

What are the main toxins responsible for buckeye toxicity?

A

Glycosides aesculin and fraxin, and possibly a narcotic alkaloid

17
Q

What is the onset time of buckeye toxicity?

A

12-24 hours

18
Q

What is the toxic dose of buckeye toxicity?

A

As little as 0.5% of body weight of the animal can produce severe poisoning
- around 5 lb for a 1200 lb cow

19
Q

What time of the year is buckeye toxicity most frequent?

A

During college football season

20
Q

What is the treatment for buckeye toxicity?

A

No direct treatment- supportive care
- prevent bloat from lateral recumbency, prevent from drowning in pond/creek, prevent injury
-sedation to prevent injury

21
Q

What is the primary toxin responsible for buckeye toxicity?

A

Glycoside aesculin

22
Q

What are the main clinical signs of acorn toxicity?

A

ADR, hemorrhagic diarrhea (very distinct odor), ruminal fluid distention

23
Q

What are the main organs affected by acorn toxicity?

A

Kidneys- causes renal tubular necrosis

GI- results in watery black diarrhea

24
Q

What is the onset time of acorn toxicosis?

A

Days

25
Q

What time of year is acorn toxicosis most commonly seen?

A

College football season

26
Q

What is the treatment for acorn toxicosis?

A

Supportive care-fluids
-generally unrewarding

27
Q

What is the toxin responsible for acorn toxicosis?

A

Tannins

28
Q

What can happen to the fetus if non-lethal doses of acorns are consumed by pregnant cows?

A

Birth defects

29
Q

Define summer slump as it relates to stockers vs cows.

A

Stockers- fescue toxicity resulting in a decreased growth rate by 20-70%

Cows- appears as infertility due to early abortions

30
Q

What species does rhododendron toxicity usually affect and what are the main clinical signs?

A

Goats in late winter
-signs include projectile vomiting and generalized weakness
-treat with supportive care

31
Q

What does nitrate toxicity result in?

A

Anorexia, methemoglobinemia (chocolate brown blood)

32
Q

What is the treatment for nitrate toxicity?

A

1% solution methylene blue at 10 mg/kg

33
Q

What are the main sources of nitrate toxicity?

A

Drought stressed plants- specifically millet, sorghum, sudan grass, johnson grass, oats

FAMS (12 decks)

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