Toxic plant principles - protein and aminoacids

Question 1

Dimethyl sulfide plants

Answer 1

Mustards (brassica spp.)

Question 2

dimethyl sulfide MOA

Answer 2

oxidation of RBC = heinz bodies

(*what other plant has this MOA?)

*propyl disulfide

Question 3

Dimethyl sulfide CS

Answer 3

Anemia signs

Question 4

Diterpene esters plants

Answer 4

toxic spurges spp.

Poinsetta

Question 5

Diterpene esters MOA

Answer 5

direct irritation

activate protein kinase C = cell damage and enzyme dysfunction

Question 6

Diterpene esters CS

Answer 6

irritation, blistering

Severe in lg animals - Horse!

*pic via physic nut

Question 7

Grayanotoxins plants (2)

Answer 7

Rhododendron, Azalea

Question 8

Grayanotoxins MOA

Answer 8

Bind sodium channels = depolarization

Irritation

Question 9

Grayanotoxins CS

Answer 9

GI, All organ system…

Death - Aspiration pneumonia

Question 10

Lectins plants (4)

Answer 10

Castor bean, precatory bean (right), black locust (NP), raw beans (NP)

Question 11

Lectins MOA

Answer 11

*Phytotoxin and toxalbumins

Ricin and abrin are glycoprotiens - inhibits cellular protein synthesis resulting in cell death

Question 12

Letins CS

Answer 12

GI - hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

All organ damage

Question 13

Meliatoxins plant

Answer 13

Chinaberry

Question 14

Meliatoxins MOA

Answer 14

*Tetranortriterpenes, alkaloid, resin

enterotoxic, enurotoxic

Question 15

Meliatoxins CS

Answer 15

GI (+/- blood), CNS and peripheral neudonal signs (like nicotene)

Death = respiratory failure

Question 16

Propyl disulfide plants (3)

Answer 16

Onion, garlic, amaryllis spp.

Question 17

Propyl disulfide MOA

Answer 17

Disulfides - free oxygen radicals = hemolysis and heinz body anemia

(What else has this MOA?)

*Dimethyl sulfide

Question 18

Propyl disulfide CS

Answer 18

anemia signs

Onion smell

Question 19

Tetradymol plants (2)

Answer 19

Horsebrush (pictured), sunflower

Question 20

Tertadymol MOA

Answer 20

Sunflower - induction of microsomal enzymes

Horsebrush - liver damage = 2˚ photosensitization

Question 21

Tetradymol CS

Answer 21

SHEEP

Sudden onset - head pressing, icterus, dyspnea, incorrdination

2˚ bacterial infections

Question 22

Thiaminase plants (2)

Answer 22

Horsetail, bracken fern (right)

Question 23

Thiaminase MOA

Answer 23

destruction of thiamine = Vitamin B1 depletion

*only monogastrics affected - neurotoxic

*ruminants can produce their own Vit. B1

Question 24

Thiaminase Tx

Answer 24

give thamine and Vitamin B1

Question 25

Triterpenoid saponins Plants (4)

Answer 25

Alfalfa, Holly, English Ivy, Pokeweed

Question 26

Triterpenoid saponins MOA

Answer 26

direct irritation - dont over think it

Question 27

Triterpenoid saponins CS

Answer 27

Salivation anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, colic