Toxic plant principles - Alkaloids

Question 1

Tropane MOA

Answer 1

? Mechanical damage

• atropine, hyoscie, hyoscyamine

Question 2

Tropane plants (3)

Answer 2

Thornapple, Devils trumpet, angels trumpet

Question 3

Indolizidine alkaloid CS

Answer 3

“Locoism” - neuronogical signs

wasting signs

Question 4

Solanine / Solanidine plant

Answer 4

Nightshade

Question 5

Colchine MOA

Answer 5

antimitotic/mutagenic - againt rapidly dividing cells

Question 6

Colchicine CS

Answer 6

multisystemic - many organ systems

GI, CVS, Respiratory, renal, hepatic, CNS

Question 7

Pyrrolizidine plants

Answer 7

Crotolaria (left), senecio, groundsel, ragwort (right)

Question 8

Muscarine plant

Answer 8

Poisonous mushroom

Question 9

Solanine / Solanidine MOA

Answer 9

GI, CNS, Respiratory, Cardiac

*like atropine (muscarinic antagonist - block vagal tone)

Question 10

Lycorine plants (2)

Answer 10

Narcissus (daffodil), Amaryllis (lily)

Question 11

Diterpene alkaloids plants (2 - family)

Answer 11

Buttercup family

Larkspur (left 2), Monkshood (right)

Question 12

Colchicine plants (3)

Answer 12

Autumn crocus, meadow saffron, lily (pictured)

Question 13

Xanthine MOA

Answer 13

Blocking adenosine receptors (inhibitory neurotranmitter) = stimulation of CNS

Inhibit phosphodiesterase (increases cAMP and Ca sequestration -> catecholamine release)

-caffeine, theophylline, theobromine

Question 14

Xanthine CS

Answer 14

GI, Cardiac, CNS stimulation, Respiratory stimulation

Question 15

Ergot alkalosis - MOA

Answer 15

vasoconstriction, gangrene, uterine contraction

Acute - CNS sgns (uncommon)

Question 16

Muscarine MOA

Answer 16

agonis muscarinic cholinergic receptors

CNS stimulation

Question 17

Pyrrolizidine MOA

Answer 17

hepetotoxic = photosensitization, encephalopathy

Question 18

pyridine MOA

Answer 18

@ nicotinic receptors at autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction, and CNS

Question 19

Lycorine CS

Answer 19

GI, Hypotension

Question 20

Piperidine plants (3)

Answer 20

Tobacco, Hemlock, Lupine

Question 21

Muscarine treatment

Answer 21

atropine

Question 22

Taxine MOA

Answer 22

cardiotoxic and GI

*like digitalis (+ inotrope - inhibits Na/K channels, increases intracelluar Ca)

Question 23

Ergot alkalosis plant(?)

Answer 23

Ergot fungus

Question 24

Lycorine MOA

Answer 24

BULB!

Emetic and purgative

Question 25

Piperidine CS

Answer 25

ataxia, incoordination, birth defects

Question 26

Diterpene alkaloids CS

Answer 26

Cattle - sudden death

M. weakness, stiff, staggering, bloat

Monkshood - cardiac arrhythmias

Question 27

Diterpene alkaloids MOA

Answer 27

competitive blockade of nicoinic receptors at muscle endplate

Question 28

Pyridine CS

Answer 28

excitation then blockade

death via respiratory faiulre

Question 29

Diterpene alkaloids antidote

Answer 29

Physostigmine > neostigmine

Question 30

Pyridine plant

Answer 30

Lobelia

Question 31

Indolizidine alkaloid plants (2)

Answer 31

Locoweed (pictured), Milkvetch

Question 32

Xanthine plants (2)

Answer 32

Cocoa, Coffee

Question 33

Piperidine MOA

Answer 33

nicotinic effects

1˚ - ganglionic and neuromuscular stimulaiton

2˚ - ganglionic and neuromuscular blockade

birth defects - decreases fetal movement

Question 34

Taxine plants

Answer 34

Yew - Taxus spp.

Question 35

Indolizidine alkaloid MOA

Answer 35

decreased lysosomal enzymes = altered cellular function

*Also contains nitropropanol glycoside and selenium