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Final toxico KP > Toxic plant principles - glycosides > Flashcards

Toxic plant principles - glycosides Flashcards

1
Q

Anthraquinones MOA

A

purgative

*senna - skeletal and cardiac m. degeneration (coffee colored urine - myoglobinuria)

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2
Q

Cardiac plants (3)

A

Foxglove, oleander, Christmas kallancho

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3
Q

Phytoestrogens plant

A

Alfalfa

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4
Q

Coumarin MOA

A

spoiled plants - antagonize Vitamin K

Tx- vitamin K1 supplements

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5
Q

Ptaquiloside plant

A

Bracken fern

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6
Q

Phytoestrogens MOA

A

bind estrogen receptors = infertility

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7
Q

Ptaquiloside CS

A

enzootic hematuria - anemia, tachycardia, death

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8
Q

Carboxyatractyloside MOA

A

hepatotoxicty = photosensitization and encephalopathy

Mechanical damage

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9
Q

Carboxyatractyloside plant

A

Cocklebur

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10
Q

Cycasin plants (3)

A

Sago palm, Cardboard palm, coontie

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11
Q

Cyanogenic plants (4)

A

Wild cherry, Sorghum, Grass, Hydrangea (pictured)

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12
Q

Calcinogenic plant

A

Day blooming Jessamine

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13
Q

Ptaquiloside MOA

A

death of precursor cells = aplastic anemia

Neoplasia - urinary (enzootic bovine hematuria) or upper GI

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14
Q

Calcinogenic MOA

A

Hypercalcemia - calcification of arteries, tendons and ligaments

increased density of bone

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15
Q

How do horses die from anthraquinones

Why do I care

A

From liver failure

ddx of ionophores

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16
Q

Cyanogenic MOA

A

damaged plants - release HCN - metabolized in liver to thiocyanates

17
Q

Nitropropanol plants (3)

A

Milkvetch (not pictured), locoweed, violet

18
Q

Glucosinolate MOA

A

antithyroid - decreases iodination

19
Q

Phytoestrogens CS

A

infertility and decreased libido

20
Q

Nitropropanol CS

A

resiratory (roaring) and neurological (cracker heels) signs

21
Q

Cardiac MOA

A

cardiotoxic - decreases Na and K atpase = accumulation of Ca in cells

GI irritation

22
Q

Glucosinolate plants (3)

A

Brassica (broccoli etc.), soybean, flax

23
Q

Protoanemonin plants (2)

A

Buttercup - anemone, clematis

24
Q

Cycasin CS

A

GI, Liver, ataxia, seizures

25
Q

Cyanogenic CS

A

Acute - decreases cytochronme oxidase and cellular respiration, vasoconstriction

*the cells are dysfunctional. not the blood or lungs

Chronic - neurodefects, antithyroid effects

26
Q

Steroidal saponins plants (3)

A

Agave, dracaena (many types), cordyline

27
Q

Coumarin plant

A

Sweet clover

28
Q

Protanemonin MOA

A

volatile oil released by hydrolysis

severe irritation and dermatitis

29
Q

Nitropropanol MOA

A

decreases enzymes of krebs cycle and cellular phosphorylation

30
Q

Anthraquinones plants (2)

A

Senna (coffeeweed), Aloe

31
Q

Steroidal saponins MOA

A

agave - liver damage (photosensitization) and GI

Dracaena and cordyline - GI

32
Q

Cycasin MOA

A

3 toxins:

  • Glycoside: GI irritation, liver damage
  • BMAA: neurotoxic aa.
  • unknown: axonal degeneration in CNS

Final toxico KP (6 decks)

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