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TOX 412 > Toxic Gases and Household products > Flashcards

Toxic Gases and Household products Flashcards

1
Q

ammonia symptoms

A

coughing, sneezing, lacrimation, dyspnea (pulm edema), rashes

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2
Q

NO symptoms

A

silofillers disease, bronchiolitis obliterans

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3
Q

Mechanism of NO, NH3

A
  • -HNO3 production (H2O plus NO2)–>coats lungs, caustic
  • -methemoglobin production
  • -pulm edema
  • -irritation
  • pneumonia, bacteria will grow in new enviro in lungs
  • -anything that coats lungs will inhibit gas exhchange
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4
Q

treatment of NH3, NO poisoning?

A

atropne, diuretic, ventilation in 100% O2

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5
Q

types of sulfur oxide gases?

A

SO2, SO3
both from oil, producing by burning sulfur coal
SO3 can produce acid rain, digest tissues
H2SO4 produce, causes irritation

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6
Q

sulfur oxide gases symptoms

A 
pulm ed
dyspnea--due tp bronchiocontristion
coughing
salivation
bronchocon.
cyanosis
reddening of mucous membranes
emphysema, fibrosis
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7
Q

treatment for SO gases?

A

ventilation

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8
Q

what gases can be found in sewage pits?

A

H2S, NH3, CO2, CH4

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9
Q

hydrogen sulfide major effects?

A

super tox, 10/10 on tox scale
Irritation– Na2S forms in lungs, alkaline, base burn
Hypoxia–inhibition of cell resp (cytocrhome oxidase)
–binds to Hb
-destroys smelling receptors

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10
Q

clincial manifestation in low dose of H2S?

A

convulsions, irritation, edema

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11
Q

treatment for H2S?

A

O2

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12
Q

CO major effect?

A

carboxyhemoglobin formation

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13
Q

clinical manifestations of CO poisoning

A 
muscle weakness
dyspnea
CNS excitation (some species, NOT people)
coma
bright red blood
flu symptoms
NO irritations
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14
Q

Bleach clinical manifestations

A 
irritation
pain
inflammation of mouth, esoph, stomach
vomiting, shock
lung--dyspnea or rapid shallow breathing
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15
Q

bleach chemical formula?

A

NaOCl–sodium hypochlorite

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16
Q

treatment for bleach?

A

wash–dermal
antacids, milk of magnesia (not effective, acid formation is instantaneous)
milk, water
thiosulfuate

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17
Q

long term effects of Bleach?

A

pulm fibrosis
esophag. stenosis–constriction, destroy elastic tissue, can’t swallow
burns lead to secondary infection

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18
Q

bleach reacts with acid to produce Cl gas and hypochlorous gas–e.g. acid in stomach

A

ya

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19
Q

formaldehyde uses

A

tissue fixative, antiseptic, fumigant, wood preservative, insulation, off-gassing a concern

20
Q

formaldehyde occupational ceiling?

A

0.3 ppm

21
Q

formaldehyde odor detection level?

A

0.5-1 ppm

22
Q

formaldehyde irritation level?

A

2-3 ppm

23
Q

formaldehyde cancer level?

A

4-6 ppm, with chronic exposure

24
Q

formaldehyde hypersensitivty level?

A

0.05 ppm

25
Q

formaldehyde effects?

A

carcinogen–in nasal/bronch passages–>reacts with water
irritant in lungs (coughing), eyes (lacrimation), gut (N, V, D)
kdiney–anuria, hematuria
immune–hypersensitivty, hapten, asthma
slight repro effect

26
Q

what is the active ingredient in mace?

A

chloroacetophenone–a tear gas and organic solvent

27
Q

mace effects

A

irritant, caustic; lachrymatory agent (candamage cornea);

high dose: pulm edema and blisters

28
Q

mace treatment?

A

wash with water–dermal
bicarb–skin
boric acid–eyes (very dilute)

29
Q

oil toxicokinetics

A
  • lipophilic, rapidly absorbed
  • rapid metabolism via sulfate glucuronide
  • NOT persistent
30
Q

toxic mechanism of oil

A

-irritation
-GIT stimulation
-marrow suppression (benzene–anemia bc RBC synth’d in marrow)
ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA BIG ONE–coat lungs, can’t breath; WBC ^, temp ^, body thinks you have infection
hypothermia–lose insulin (e.g. feathers)
abortion–teratogenic

long term–fat sol, EDC
cancerous

31
Q

treatment for oil tox

A

–trying to clean out
–activated charcoal
–dermal wash
–aspirate, get infections–antibiotics
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING–for all volatile ad corrosive compounds

32
Q

phenol the most toxic of all oils

A

ya

33
Q

phenol kinetics?

A

metabolism–glucuronide

abs–well absorbed via all routes

34
Q

mech of ac for phenol?

A

denatures proteins and burns

35
Q

clinical manifestations of phenol poisoning?

A 
vom, salivation
shock
arrhytmia
metHb--oxidizing agent
kidney--tubular degeneration and necrosis
liver--necrosis
skin--white blister (burn)
36
Q

treatment for phenol

A 
no emetics--phenol is corrosive
activated charcoal
wash skin with detergent
n-acetylcysteine, vit E (antioxidants)
methylene blue--redox agent
37
Q

what are the active ingredients in mothballs

A

naphthalene, p-dichlorobenzene, campfer–cat repellent, can’t metabolize

38
Q

naphthalene clinical manifestations?

A 
vom, metHb (ox agent),
hemolysis (ox)
nephrosis--kidney damage
liver damage
heinz bodies--blood ox damage black urine
39
Q

treatment for naph?

A

activated charcoal, emetics, fluid (vom),

n-acetylcysteine and vit E bc antioxidants

40
Q

p-dichlorobenzene clinical manifestations?

A

vom
tremors
seizures
liver and kidney damage

41
Q

treatment for p-dcb?

A

clear git, fluids (vom), sedation (seizures)

42
Q

matches–active ingredient?

A

potassium chlorate–ox agent

43
Q

clin manif of KClO4?

A

CNS depression, GIT upset, hemolysis and metHb

44
Q

treatment for potassium chlorate?

A

methylene blue; redox reagent, prob doesn’t work tho

45
Q

fireworks active ingredients

A

K nitrate; K chloride; K perchlorate, Na nitrate–cause GIT upset; K perchlorate is ox agent–metHb, hemolysis

46
Q

why can kids not be given aspirin?

A

causes Reye’s syndrome–progressive encephalopathy

TOX 412 (24 decks)

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