Toxic Gases and Household products Flashcards
ammonia symptoms
coughing, sneezing, lacrimation, dyspnea (pulm edema), rashes
NO symptoms
silofillers disease, bronchiolitis obliterans
Mechanism of NO, NH3
- -HNO3 production (H2O plus NO2)–>coats lungs, caustic
- -methemoglobin production
- -pulm edema
- -irritation
- pneumonia, bacteria will grow in new enviro in lungs
- -anything that coats lungs will inhibit gas exhchange
treatment of NH3, NO poisoning?
atropne, diuretic, ventilation in 100% O2
types of sulfur oxide gases?
SO2, SO3
both from oil, producing by burning sulfur coal
SO3 can produce acid rain, digest tissues
H2SO4 produce, causes irritation
sulfur oxide gases symptoms
pulm ed dyspnea--due tp bronchiocontristion coughing salivation bronchocon. cyanosis reddening of mucous membranes emphysema, fibrosis
treatment for SO gases?
ventilation
what gases can be found in sewage pits?
H2S, NH3, CO2, CH4
hydrogen sulfide major effects?
super tox, 10/10 on tox scale
Irritation– Na2S forms in lungs, alkaline, base burn
Hypoxia–inhibition of cell resp (cytocrhome oxidase)
–binds to Hb
-destroys smelling receptors
clincial manifestation in low dose of H2S?
convulsions, irritation, edema
treatment for H2S?
O2
CO major effect?
carboxyhemoglobin formation
clinical manifestations of CO poisoning
muscle weakness dyspnea CNS excitation (some species, NOT people) coma bright red blood flu symptoms NO irritations
Bleach clinical manifestations
irritation pain inflammation of mouth, esoph, stomach vomiting, shock lung--dyspnea or rapid shallow breathing
bleach chemical formula?
NaOCl–sodium hypochlorite
treatment for bleach?
wash–dermal
antacids, milk of magnesia (not effective, acid formation is instantaneous)
milk, water
thiosulfuate
long term effects of Bleach?
pulm fibrosis
esophag. stenosis–constriction, destroy elastic tissue, can’t swallow
burns lead to secondary infection
bleach reacts with acid to produce Cl gas and hypochlorous gas–e.g. acid in stomach
ya
formaldehyde uses
tissue fixative, antiseptic, fumigant, wood preservative, insulation, off-gassing a concern
formaldehyde occupational ceiling?
0.3 ppm
formaldehyde odor detection level?
0.5-1 ppm
formaldehyde irritation level?
2-3 ppm
formaldehyde cancer level?
4-6 ppm, with chronic exposure
formaldehyde hypersensitivty level?
0.05 ppm
formaldehyde effects?
carcinogen–in nasal/bronch passages–>reacts with water
irritant in lungs (coughing), eyes (lacrimation), gut (N, V, D)
kdiney–anuria, hematuria
immune–hypersensitivty, hapten, asthma
slight repro effect
what is the active ingredient in mace?
chloroacetophenone–a tear gas and organic solvent
mace effects
irritant, caustic; lachrymatory agent (candamage cornea);
high dose: pulm edema and blisters
mace treatment?
wash with water–dermal
bicarb–skin
boric acid–eyes (very dilute)
oil toxicokinetics
- lipophilic, rapidly absorbed
- rapid metabolism via sulfate glucuronide
- NOT persistent
toxic mechanism of oil
-irritation
-GIT stimulation
-marrow suppression (benzene–anemia bc RBC synth’d in marrow)
ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA BIG ONE–coat lungs, can’t breath; WBC ^, temp ^, body thinks you have infection
hypothermia–lose insulin (e.g. feathers)
abortion–teratogenic
long term–fat sol, EDC
cancerous
treatment for oil tox
–trying to clean out
–activated charcoal
–dermal wash
–aspirate, get infections–antibiotics
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING–for all volatile ad corrosive compounds
phenol the most toxic of all oils
ya
phenol kinetics?
metabolism–glucuronide
abs–well absorbed via all routes
mech of ac for phenol?
denatures proteins and burns
clinical manifestations of phenol poisoning?
vom, salivation shock arrhytmia metHb--oxidizing agent kidney--tubular degeneration and necrosis liver--necrosis skin--white blister (burn)
treatment for phenol
no emetics--phenol is corrosive activated charcoal wash skin with detergent n-acetylcysteine, vit E (antioxidants) methylene blue--redox agent
what are the active ingredients in mothballs
naphthalene, p-dichlorobenzene, campfer–cat repellent, can’t metabolize
naphthalene clinical manifestations?
vom, metHb (ox agent), hemolysis (ox) nephrosis--kidney damage liver damage heinz bodies--blood ox damage black urine
treatment for naph?
activated charcoal, emetics, fluid (vom),
n-acetylcysteine and vit E bc antioxidants
p-dichlorobenzene clinical manifestations?
vom
tremors
seizures
liver and kidney damage
treatment for p-dcb?
clear git, fluids (vom), sedation (seizures)
matches–active ingredient?
potassium chlorate–ox agent
clin manif of KClO4?
CNS depression, GIT upset, hemolysis and metHb
treatment for potassium chlorate?
methylene blue; redox reagent, prob doesn’t work tho
fireworks active ingredients
K nitrate; K chloride; K perchlorate, Na nitrate–cause GIT upset; K perchlorate is ox agent–metHb, hemolysis
why can kids not be given aspirin?
causes Reye’s syndrome–progressive encephalopathy
