Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Toxicology > Tox Exam 2 Clinical Signs > Flashcards

Tox Exam 2 Clinical Signs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the CS with phenoxy derivatives?

A

GI irritation can be identified by ulcers in the mouth. Affects the skeletal muscle membrane in dogs = Posterior paresis in the subacute phase of toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the CS with dipyridyl herbicides?

A

Early signs (after 3 days) = Vomiting, ataxia, dyspnea, harsh respiratory signs and cyanosis. Later signs = “Hepatization of the lungs

Paraquat is distributed all over the body and achieves high concentration in the lungs. (NO CNS effects). May cause ulcers similar to 2,4-D.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the CS with PCP?

A

Hyperthermia - animal cooks in it’s own heat. Diagnose by dark red blood and pathognomonic lesions: Hyperkeratosis of the skin and hyperplasia of the urinary bladder mucosa.

Acute signs: May be so fast that are not seen. ❖ Chronic signs: Respiratory distress, fever, weight loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the CS with NPN?

A

Main lesions due to vascular damage but usually not long enough toxicity to cause damage = chocolate brown color in blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the cs with ionophores?

A

Similar signs to a human having a heart attack. (tachycardia, incoordination, profuse sweating and colic) Main lesions are white streaks of necrosis of the myocardium. In cattle and poultry skeletal is also affected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the CS with water deprivation/Na?

A

convulsive seizures and cerebellar edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the CS with inorganic arsenic?

A

Capillary endothelial cells are most sensitive = Hemorrhage, leakage, edema

Partial paralysis and death in several days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the CS in PIGS with arsanilic acid?

A 
❖ 3-5 days onset:
 ❖ Incoordination 
❖ Ataxia 
❖ Erythema 
❖ If Chronic: Blindness, partial paralysis, good appetite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the CS in PIGS with roxarsone?

A 
sudden onset
hyperexcitability
tremors
coma
death
no blindness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the CS in CHICKENS with arsanilic acid?

A

anorexia
depression
coma
death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the CS in CHICKENS with roxarsone?

A

incoordination/ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the CS with copper?

A

friable bluish-dark kidneys and enlarged yellow liver. Cx signs include jaundice, high levels of copper in blood 3-6 weeks before a hemolytic crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the CS with molybdenum?

A

Green watery diarrhea, rough haircoat, depigmentation, spectacle effect, weightloss, osteoporosis, decreased libido in bulls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the CS with selenium?

A
  • smell of rotten garlic

- chronic exposure causes hoof and hair abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the CS seen with lead?

A
  • Hematologic - Related to anemia. Test whole blood antemortem (>0.35 ppm - Lead is 90% bound to erythrocytes) or kidney and liver post mortem (>10 ppm). Causes a Non-regenerative anemia (inadequate or abnormal production of RBC’s)
  • CNS: Causes spontaneous release of GABA, Dopamine and Acetylcholine = CNS hyper stimulation OR CNS depression.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the CS with zinc?

A

GIT (irritation and damage)

Hemolytic (RBC damage)

Renal (azotemia and high BUN).

17
Q

what are the CS with iron?

A
  1. acute toxicosis
    - with injection may see anaphylactic reaction or shock - death within a few seconds/minutes
    - severe depression, shock, acidosis, death within hours
  2. parenteral prep
    - yellowish brown discoloration at injection sites and lymph nodes
  3. oral prep
    - GIT ulceration and hemorrhagic enteritis
    congestion of liver and kidney, icterus
there are 4 stages of toxicity
1. 0-6 hours
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, GIT hemorrhage
2. 6-24 hours
apparent recovery
3. 12-96 hours
- vomiting, diarrhea, GIT hemorrhage, acidosis, coagulation disorder, hepatic failure, CV collapse
4. 2-6 days
- GIT obstruction
18
Q

what are the CS with industrial petroleum?

A

ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA, smell of oil and oil in feces. Radiography shows signs of aspiration pneumonia w/in hours of ingestion

19
Q

what are the CS with detergents?

A

❖Non-ionic = not fatal - Rinse w/ water

❖ Anionic: = not fatal - Bath w/ water and use activated charcoal.

❖ Cationic: Severe GI, shock, collapse and neuromuscular signs. - Wash or use milk, egg whites or activated charcoal to neutralize

20
Q

what are the CS with phenols?

A

First methemoglobinemia later renal or liver injur

21
Q

what are the CS with bleaches?

A

GIT irritation and may smell of chlorine

22
Q

what are the CS with zinc phosphide?

A

Occur quite rapid w/ anorexia and vomiting, bloat in cattle and dogs may have CNS excitation (mad dog running). Animals die w/in 3 - 48 hours.

23
Q

what are the CS with fluoroacetate?

A

❖ Dogs: GIT and CNS stimulation. Death w/in 2-12 hours by respiratory failure.
❖ Horses and Ruminants: Cardiac signs predominate in horses (arrhythmias, heart and respiratory failure).
❖ Cats and Pigs: Cardiac and CNS signs (bradycardia, CNS depression or excitement). Vocalization is a consistent feature in cats.

24
Q

what are the CS with strychnine?

A

Acts within 2 minutes to an hour where animals may exhibit nausea and vomiting acutely and progresses to tonic seizures and opisthotonus - animals may exhibit a ‘sardonic grin’ and die of respiratory failure.

25
Q

what are the CS with cholecalciferol?

A

Hypercalcemia and Hyperphosphatemia (Ca:P). Stimulate mineralization of vital organs such as heart and kidney - white chalky deposits, mucosal hemorrhage

26
Q

what are the CS with bromethalin?

A

❖ Paralytic syndrome: 1-4 days after ingestion of less than LD50 but more than the minimum toxic dose. Early - hind limb weakness, chronic - depression and decreased CP deficit.
❖ Convulsant syndrome: 4 - 36 hours after ingestion exceeding LD50. Signs are excitability and motor seizures that are light induced.
❖ Cats develop the paralytic form regardless of dose ingested and have decerebrate posture near end death.

27
Q

what are the CS with anticoagulant rodenticides?

A

Epistaxis and hemorrhage for 1-5 days. Some animals may die w/out externals evidence of bleeding. May also cause abortion in cattle. If there is no evidence of hemorrhage anywhere in the body (including intra-pulmonary, intra-thoracic, abdominal, petechia or ecchymosis) then the animal DID NOT die of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis.

28
Q

what are the CS with ethylene glycol?

A

❖ HIGH ANION GAP
❖ Early signs: Acidosis, vomiting, CNS depression, ataxia, tachycardia, PU/PD, coma and death. Cats do not show PD.
❖ Later: Animals develop oliguric renal failure, seizures, anuria. Owner may not notice early signs!
❖ Path: Pale, swollen kidneys with yellow streaks. Microscopically: Yellow birefringent rosetteshaped monohydrate crystals in the urine and in the perivascular spaces in the brain.

29
Q

what are the CS with ethanol?

A

CNS depression, vomiting, smell of alcohol, hypothermia, liver damage, congestion, death from respiratory failure. (Liver, kidney and lungs).

Toxicology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions