TOX 8 - Carbon monoxide Flashcards

1
Q

COHb levels in body

A

Normal COHb is 1% of the whole Hb concentration (5-10% in smokers)

40% - collapse
60% - death

In carbon monoxide poisoning;

o 15% may produce symptoms

o 40% lead to collapse

o 60% to death

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2
Q

Mechanism of action

A

• Carbon monoxide binds reversibly to the O2 binding site on Hb –> reducing affinity for oxygen.

  • There is reduction of oxygen transport and the heart is most affected
  • forms carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) –> decrease the oxygen –carrying capacity of the hemoglobin
  • and inhibit transport, delivery and utilization of oxygen in the body
  • 250 times higher affinity compared to O2
  • Shifts the oxygen – dissociation curve to the left
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3
Q

Clinical symptoms

A

Progressive hypoxia:

  1. Psychomotor impairment
  2. Headache
  3. Blurred vision, loss of visual acuity
  4. Tachycardia, tachypnea, syncope, coma
  5. Deep coma, convulsions, respiratory failure, shock

– Headache, confusion, vertigo

– Nausea, malaise, fatigue

– Tachycardia, tachypnea

– Syncope – COHb concentration in blood >50%

– Coma, respiratory failure -> death

Leads to hypoxia –> symptoms first of all in the heart and CNS

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4
Q

Treatment

A

o Remove exposure source

o Maintain ventilation

o Admin O2

o Hyperbaric O2 treatment

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5
Q

Chronic intoxication

A

Long term consequences – chronic poisoning

o Headache, nausea and vomiting

o Lightheadness

o Confusion and depression

o Memory loss

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6
Q

Poisoning route

A

inhalation of CO

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7
Q

CO properties

A

Colorless and odorless,
non -irritating gas

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8
Q

affinity to O2- O2 and CO

A

CO has 250 times higher affinity compared to O2

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9
Q

CO shift o2 dissociation curve

A

Shifts the oxygen – dissociation curve to the left

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10
Q

Syncope – COHb concentration in blood

A

COHb concentration in blood >50%

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