TOX 11 - Insecticides Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides

A

Acute rare, chronic more common

Inactivates Na+ in excitable membranes

Half life over 1 year, extremely slow elimination

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2
Q

Organophosphorus insecticides MOA, absorption and effect

A

irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors via phosphorylation of the esteratic site

Absorbed in skin, GI, resp. tract

Causes muscarinic excess

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3
Q

Organophosphorus insecticides treatment

A

oxime-agents

maintenance of vital organs

decontamination

atropine

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4
Q

Carbamate insecticides MOA

A

Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors

Absorption: skin, respiratory tract, GI tract

Shorter effect than organophosphorus type

Toxic effects: similar to organophosphate but with shorter duration (due to more rapid reactivation of the cholinesterase)

  • Therapeutic index is larger with carbamates than organophosphates

Treatment is the same as organophosphorus insecticides

*decontamination, maintenance of vital signs, atropin

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5
Q

Nicotine

A

Well absorbed, incl. across skin

Toxic effects - CNS (resp. arrest, convulsions, coma) depolarizing SkM end plate blockade

Symptomatic treatment

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6
Q

Other natural insecticides

A

Rotenone
Pyrethrum

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7
Q

Pesticides are

A

chemicals that may be used to kill fungus, bacteria, insects, plant diseases, snails, slugs, or weeds among others.

These chemicals can work by ingestion or by touch and death may occur immediately or over a long period of time

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8
Q

Insecticides are

A

a type of pesticide that is used to specifically target and kill insects!

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9
Q

Organochlorine insecticides MOA, absorption, toxic effect, treatment

A

inhib. of Na+-ch. inactivation in excitatory membranes (→ rapid repetitive firing),

Ca2+ ion transport is inhibited (→ effect on repolarization and enhances the excitability of neurons)

  • Absorption: skin, inhalation, oral ingestion
  • Toxic effects: CNS stimulation (tremor, convulsions), possible carcinogenicity if chronic
  • Treatment: no specific treatment for acute intoxication (only supportive/symptomatic), decontamination
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10
Q

Organochlorine insecticides- Absorption AND elimination?

A
  1. skin
  2. , inhalation,
  3. oral ingestion

extremely slow elimination (t½ = 1 year)

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11
Q

Organochlorine insecticides- Toxic effects

A
  • CNS stimulation (tremor, convulsions),
  • possible carcinogenicity if chronic
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12
Q

Treatment Organochlorine insecticides

A

no specific treatment for acute intoxication (only supportive/symptomatic),

decontamination

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13
Q

Organophosphorus insecticides absorption and effect

A

Absorption:

  1. skin,
  2. inhalation,
  3. oral ingestion -

Toxic effects: mimic the actions of parasymph. NS.

  • Treatment: atropine, supportive treatment, decontamination
  • Additional info: - Relatively unstable and break down in the environment due to hydrolysis and photolysis - Some agents are capable of phosphorylating a neural enzyme named neuropathy target esterase (NTE) → progressive demyelination → paralysis, axonal degeneration → organophosphorus ester-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP)
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14
Q

Treatment: organophosphorus insecticide

A
  1. atropine,
  2. supportive treatment,
  3. decontamination
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15
Q

organophosphorus insecticide additional info

A
  • unstable and break down in the environment due to hydrolysis and photolysis -
  • Some agents are capable of phosphorylating a neural enzyme named neuropathy target esterase (NTE) → progressive demyelination → paralysis, axonal degeneration → organophosphorus ester-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP)
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16
Q

carbamates insecticide absorption , MOA, Toxic effect, treatment

A

Absorption:

  1. skin,
  2. respiratory tract,
  3. GI tract
  • MOA: reversible cholinesterase inhibition
  • Toxic effects: similar to organophosphate but with shorter duration (due to more rapid reactivation of the cholinesterase)
  • Therapeutic index is larger with carbamates than organophosphates
  • Treatment: decontamination, maintenance of vital signs, atropin
17
Q

Botanical pesticides name, MOA

A
  • Insecticides derived from natural sources
    1. nicotine: MOA: reacts with AChR which depol. the membrane resulting in stimulation followed by rapid depol. blockage
    2. Pyrethrum: MOA: target v.g. Na ch + Ca ch + Cl ch + peripheral type benzodiazepine R
    3. Rotenone: MOA: interfere with electron transport chain in mitochondria creating reactive oxygen species that damage DNA
18
Q

Nicotine absorption, toxic effect, treatment

A

botanical pesticide

Absorption: mucosal surfaces and skin

  • Toxic effects:
  • CNS (convulsions, coma, respiratory arrest),
  • hypertension, arrhythmias
    • Chronic toxicity —> sudden coronary death, cancer etc -
  • Treatment: symptomatic
19
Q

rotenone MOA, absorption, toxic effect, treatment

A

botanical pesticide

MOA: interfere with electron transport chain in mitochondria creating reactive oxygen species that damage DNA -

Absorption: ingestion

  • Toxic effects:
  • mainly GI irritation,
  • but could also cause conjunctivitis, dermatitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis
  • Treatment: symptomatic
20
Q

Pyrethrum MOA, absorption, toxic effect, treatment

A

Botanical pesticides

MOA: target v.g. Na ch + Ca ch + Cl ch + peripheral type benzodiazepine R

  • Absorption: inhalation or ingestion
  • Toxic effects:
  • CNS (convolutions, tetanic paralysis),
  • irritant asthma, reactive airway dysfunction sy.,
  • anaphylaxis
    • Treatment: symptomatic