TOX 16 - Acid and base, oxalic acid

Question 1

Alkaline mechanism

Answer 1

Tissue injury by liquefactive necrosis (supination of fat and solubilization of proteins)

Swelling and shortening of collagen

Question 2

Alkaline absorption

Answer 2

Severe injury minutes within contact.

The most injured are the squamous epithelial cells of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus.

Question 3

Alkaline symptoms

Answer 3

Depends on route. In general severe irritation.

Ingested: drooling and dysphagia. In severe cases, pain, vomiting, and sometimes bleeding develop immediately in the mouth, throat, chest, or abdomen. Airway burns may cause coughing, tachypnoea, or stridor

Question 4

Alkaline treatment

Answer 4

NO induction of emesis and NO gastric lavage

Administration of calcium. Dilution of stomach contents.

Question 5

Acid mechanism

Answer 5

Coagulation necrosis - denatures proteins, forming eschar

Question 6

Acid symptoms

Answer 6

Pretty much the same as alkaline tbh fuck it

Question 7

Acid treatment

Answer 7

NO induction of emesis and NO gastric lavage

Oral local anesthetics (morphine, atropine, glucocorticoids), drop infusion of 5% NaHCO3 or Na-Lactate. Dilution of stomach contents.

Question 8

Oxalic acid source

Answer 8

Naturally occurring in plants (spinach). Used to remove rust.

Question 9

Oxalic acid symptoms

Answer 9

Ulcerations of the mouth, vomiting of blood, and rapid appearance of shock, convulsions, twitching, tetany, and cardiovascular collapse

Question 10

Oxalic acid treatment

Answer 10

oral/IV CaCl2 or IV calcium gluconate, forced diuresis with excessive fluid infusion

Question 11

Oxalic acid calcium mechanism

Answer 11

Binds calcium in blood forming an insoluble compound