Towards Independence, 1947

Question 1

civil disobedience movement

Answer 1

1947- ML decided to confront political situation through protests.
direct action day- aug 16-1946- marked as a protest against the british policy of injustice towards muslims.
calcutta massacre: hindu attacks during direct action day. lord wavell seek settlement.

Question 2

coordination efforts by lord wavell

Answer 2

aimed to bridge the gap between ML and congress
ML holding 35% seats refused to join legislative assembly.
jinnah accepted the viceroys request to join interim government -oct-25-1946-

Question 3

regional struggles-punjab-

Answer 3

election result: ML won 79/86 seats in punjab. khizr hayat tiwana formed a government with hindu and sikh members leading to ML protests
khizr government resigned and governors rule was imposed on march-2-1947

Question 4

regional struggles- assam-

Answer 4

maulana bhashani led a movement against peasants in assam.
objective: movement aimed to address the issues faced by muslim peasants in assam

Question 5

announcement of Feb-20-1947.

Answer 5

declaration: prime minister atlee announced that by june 1948, all power would be given to representative

Question 6

mountbatten as viceroy

Answer 6

his main goal was to wind up british rule in india

Question 7

3rd june plan

Answer 7

imposition of constitution: british decided not to impose a constitution, instead the constituent assembly would frame one.
punjab and bengal: decide on partition based on majority views.
sindh assembly: decide abt joining either side.

Question 8

indian independence act - july-1947

Answer 8

2 independent dominion states india and pakistan, formed on aug-15-1947.
legislatures had power to make laws

Question 9

partition process

Answer 9

punjab: muslim members favoured joining the new constituent assembly while non-muslims voted for partition and joining india.
sindh: assembly voted to join pakistan.
NWFP referendum in favour of pak. dr khans govern boycotting it.
baloch: opted for pak.

Question 10

transfer of power

Answer 10

ML decided to appoint jinnah as first governor general of pak in july.
1st meeting of the constituent assembly was on aug 11, 1947. with ceremonies on aug 14.
radio announcement at midnight on aug 14-15. oath ceremony for governor general and PM on aug-15-1947.