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Geography > Tourism (THEME 3) > Flashcards

Tourism (THEME 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

tourism?

A

a social, cultural and economical concept which involves the movement of people to places outside their usual environment for personal or business purposes. They are usually called visitors and tourism has to do with their activities, which may imply tourism expenditure (United Nations World Tourism Organisation, 2008)

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2
Q

domestic tourism?

A

when a person travels within their country of origin

e.g. going to langkawi for a weekend

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3
Q

international tourism?

A

travelling over an international border to a different country

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4
Q

human attractions

name at least five

A
  • family
  • leisure
  • opportunities
  • food
  • historical monuments
  • statue of liberty
  • religion structures
  • stone henge
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5
Q

physical attractions

name at least five

A
  • beaches
  • mountains
  • climate
  • wildlife
  • coral reef
  • mangroves
  • sand dunes
  • cameron highlands
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6
Q

receiving area?

A

the location which the tourists re visiting

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7
Q

benefits of tourism

name at least two from social/cultural, environmental and economic

A

SOCIAL/CULTURAL

  • promotes cultural exchange
  • increases demand for historical and cultural exhibits
  • improves quality of life
  • facilities meeting visitors (educational experience)
  • positive changes in values and customs

ENVIRONMENTAL

  • improvement of the area’s appearance
  • protection of natural environments or prevention of ecological decline
  • preservation of historic buildings and monuments

ECONOMIC

  • increases tax revenues
  • contributes to income and standard of living
  • improves local economy
  • increases employment opportunities
  • creates new business opportunities
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8
Q

disadvantages of tourism

name at least two from social/cultural, environmental and economic

A

SOCIAL/CULTURAL

  • language and cultural effects
  • unwanted lifestyle changes
  • displacement of residents for tourism development
  • negative changes in values and customs
  • exclusion of locals from natural resources

ENVIRONMENTAL

  • loss of open space
  • destruction of flora and fauna
  • loss of natural landscape and agricultural lands to tourism development
  • pollution (air, water, noise, solid waste and visual)

ECONOMIC

  • increases potential for imported labour
  • increases cost of living
  • increases price of goods and services
  • increases price of land and housing
  • seasonal tourism creates high-risk unemployment issues
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9
Q

cultural tourism?

A

sustainable form of tourism where tourist learns about the local culture and tradition and might take part in environmental protection activities

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10
Q

religious tourism

A

travelling is motivated by religious reasons, could be pilgrimage or retreat for reflection

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11
Q

ecotourism

A

travelling to expperience new places and people which are different to your everyday life. often head of through media platforms

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12
Q

adventure tourism

A

travelling with the intention of putting yourself outise your comfort zone. usually involves physical activity

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13
Q

recreational tourism

A

travelling for leisure purposes, might involve soe relaxing activities. often takes place through package holidays

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14
Q

physical factors that caused a change in global tourism

A
  • climate (sunny for beaches, snowy for skiing)
  • natural environment (beaches, scenery, mountains, coral refs, surf in Bali, mountains in switserland)
  • ecology (wild animals for safari, rich reef life, jungle)
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15
Q

human factors that caused a change in global tourism

A
  • accessibility (airports, road links)
  • population distribution
  • restaurants and cafes (foreign, affordable, local, good quality)
  • adventure activities
  • entertainment (theme parks, cinemas, interactive attractions)
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16
Q

stage 1 of the butler model of resort development

A

EXPLORATION

  • very few tourists and few facilities
  • attracted by quiet and undeveloped nature
  • much interaction between locals and tourists
  • tourism type: discover or adventure tourism
  • e.g. areas in bangladesh, saudi arabia and the canadian arctic
17
Q

stage 2 of the butler model of resort development

A

INVOLVEMENT

  • tourism numbers increase steadily, facilities begin to be provided
  • tourism ‘season’ may be defined and a bit of advertising
  • pressure on local government to improve access and be involved in promotion of tourism
  • tourism type: independent travellers
  • e.g. koh ron (cambodia), teuri-to (japan), less developed islands and less accessible areas
18
Q

stage 3 of the butler model of resort development

A

DEVELOPMENT

  • numbers of tourists rise rapidly
  • up-to-date facilities are provided but aren’t run by locals. tension builds between locals and tourists who have taken control of resort development
  • tourism type: early package holiday
  • developed islands and areas in Mexico, turkey, india
19
Q

stage 4 of the butler model of resort development

A

CONSOLIDATION

  • number of tourists increase but slower
  • pace of change slows
  • tourism type: package holidays
  • e.g. areas in barcelona, goa, marina bay sands
20
Q

stage 5 of the butler model of resort development

A

STAGNATION

  • resort begins to lose popularity due to changing fashions and ageing tourist facilities. resort is working below its capacity
  • over-reliance on appeal of existing facilities
  • e.g. ‘Pepsi Max Big One’ at the pleasure beach
21
Q

stage 6 of the butler model of resort development

A

DECLINE

  • the resort offers nothing new
  • tourists get bored and go elsewhere
  • high unemployment as many locals had jobs in tourism industry
  • shops close down and the area looks neglected
  • e.g. Guaira falls, sutro baths, chacaltaya glacier
22
Q

stage 7 of the butler model of resort development

A

REJUVNATION

  • new attractions are developed which gives the ageing resort an attractive USP (unique selling point) or niche market
  • loyal and new tourists arrive which ensure survival of the resort
  • e.g. Santiago, blackpool’s rejuvenation project
23
Q

methods of tourism management

name at least five

A
  • restrict trips
  • guidance on damage
  • education center
  • footpaths
  • pay entry fee
  • strict rules on development
  • rules on energy and wast
  • employ locals
  • provide food from local environments
  • rehabilitation of tourist activities
  • restrict number of visitors
  • restrict access to certain areas
  • land only purchased by locals
24
Q

micromanagement

A

small scale management approaches at a local level

25
Q

macromanagement

A

large scale management, sometimes involving government laws, usually applied on a national or international level

26
Q

principles of eco-tourism

A
  • contribute to conservation efforts
  • employ local people and contribute financially to the local community
  • cooperate with local people to manage natural areas
  • provide a positive experience for both visitors and locals
  • educate visitors about the local environment and the culture of the area
  • minimise the negative impacts of tourism

Geography (6 decks)

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