Settlement

Question 1

Order of increasing population and services and settlement size.

Answer 1

Conurbation
City
Large town
small town
 village
hamlet
isolated dwelling
(pyramid)

Question 2

Hamlet

Answer 2

small settlement and strictly one without a church (britain)

Question 3

villages

Answer 3

a group of houses and associated buildings. larger than a hamlet, situated in rural areas. hamlet+church

Question 4

towns

Answer 4

a built up area with a name. defined boundaries and local government. larger than a village, smaller than a city. villages + loval government + name + boundaries

Question 5

cities

Answer 5

a town becomes a city by charter and usually containing a cathedral

Question 6

conurbation

Answer 6

an extended urban area. typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of a central city

Question 7

physical factors affecting settlement growth

Answer 7

near a water source
dry point (higher, dry land above wet ground)
in a gap between hills
in a valley (natural railway, fertile land for farming)
sheltered coast (protected harbour trade, fishing)
near to woods (source of timber for cooking, heating, building, tools etc.)
river (water source, meander - natural defence -, river confluence - double transport routes, flat land - easy to build)

Question 8

what happens when the settlement is higher up in the hierarchy?

Answer 8

it will have a greater influence. however, it could also have a great influence if it’s at the bottom of the pyramid as many people will know the area

Question 9

sphere of influence

Answer 9

the area surrounding an activity that is influenced by it e.g. a sports centre or a local park. it is also caleld the catchment area

Question 10

dormitory town

Answer 10

an area with a large population but fewer services. usually close to cities. people live there for cheap cost of living and easy access to high paid jobs and services in nearby cities.

Question 11

settlement hierarchy

Answer 11

shows how settlements in any area can be put in order based on their size or the services that they provide

Question 12

low order settlements

Answer 12

services that are used often e.g. small general stores which sell convenience goods (food, petrol - stuff you need)

Question 13

high order settlements

Answer 13

services that are needed but not often. they may sell comparsion goods like furniture or clothing and peole usually travel further for them

Question 14

range

Answer 14

distance people are prepared to travel to use a service.

Question 15

threshold population

Answer 15

minimum number of people needed for a service to be provided.

Question 16

function of settlement

Answer 16

the purpose for a settlement existing. settlements have an original function, most in MEDC’s are now multifunctional. e.g a port, market, town, resort

Question 17

site of a settlement

Answer 17

the piece of land upon which a settlement is built e.g. defensive sites, wet point sites, shelter

Question 18

situation of a settlement

Answer 18

the settlement’s position in relation to the surrounding human and physical features, many of which will have an impact on the setllement’s size, type and function

Question 19

the burgess model

Answer 19

(starting from inside going out)
CBD (central business district)/transition
inner city/factories/industry/low class residential
inner suburbs/medium class residential
outer suburbs/high class residential
rural-urban fringe/green belt

Question 20

urban sprawl

Answer 20

the physical expansion of the city into its surrounding rural area

Question 21

urban growth

Answer 21

the population of an urban area increases

Question 22

urbanisation

Answer 22

when the % of people living in urban areas vs. rural areas increases

Question 23

greenfield site

Answer 23

land that has never been built on before. will often be used for agriculture. countries are trying to restrict the amount of building on them

Question 24

brownfield sites

Answer 24

has been built on previously but has been left abandoned and has become derelict. most common brownfield sites are former factories found. in the transition zone. government encourages building here.

Question 25

urban problems

Answer 25

pollution (noise, air, visual, water)

islands of poverty in post-industrial urban locations (industry closes, local economy suffers)

poor infrastructure due to lack of investment (water, electricity, improper wast management, transport, sanitation and hygiene)

over crowding (increasing population) - lack of housing, congestion, littering, poverty and crime, unemployement, lack of education and healthcare

Question 26

rural to urban migration - positive impact on rural areas

Answer 26

strengthen urban-rural economic and social links
more space/resources
remittences sent home to families in rural areas
decrease pollution

Question 27

rural to urban migration - negative impact on rural areas

Answer 27

smaller workforce
fewer services provided - lower tax yield - lower thershold pop.
fewer jobs created
ghost towns - younger people leave
changing demographic - grey vote

Question 28

squatter settlement

Answer 28

unplanned and poor quality housing lacking in amenities such as water supply, sewage and electricity, which often develop spontanieously and illegaly in a city in a low income country’