Tourism gateway 2 Flashcards
Trends in international tourism
since the 1980s, International tourism has become increasingly diverse in its origins and its destinations → increase in travellers from developing countries
Asia pacific region has ↑ in popularity as a tourist destination
Trends in domestic tourism
Domestic tourism continues to be the most popular form of tourism
Ex- worldwide in 2010, 83% of all tourist arrivals were domestic tourism
Mass tourism → package tourism
Mass tourism refers to travel involving large numbers of tourists visiting a particular place together → package holiday → involving a tour usually arranged by a travel agent, with transportation, accommodation, and most meals included in the package.
Niche tourism
refers to special- interest tourism based on a particular area, interest or activity.
forms of niche tourism include, special interest tourism, adventure tourism and ecotourism
Niche tourism → ecotourism
Ecotourism refers to responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well being of people →minimise impact → build environmental and cultural awareness and respect
Ex: ecotourism to Waitomo caves in new Zealand, famous due to the glowworms that light the caves. hailed as a good example of responsible ecotourism → tourism is halted if the carbon dioxide levels reach 2,400 parts per million
Short haul destinations
destinations a short distance away from the home country → reachable by car, bus, train or flight generally less than 5 hours
Long haul destinations
destinations a long distance away from the tourist’s home country → usually reachable by flight of > 5h
Reasons for the growth of global tourism: developments in technology → better and affordable transport
Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge to develop machines, equipment and ways of doing things.
D: Budget airlines → airlines with low fares have rapidly expanded within Europe. → cheaper than major commercial airlines as their smaller and more fuel-efficient aircraft → Costs are reduced by selling tickets online rather than through travel agents
Ex: Jestar Asia/ Air Asia
Reasons for the growth of global tourism: developments in technology → Ease of access to information
Developments in technology have made information more readily available and accessible, Through online booking and survallence
Ex- online booking & research → singapore airlines booking website → enables travellers to buy their own tickets without travel agents → more options and control → better access to the info of their destination ie etiquettes → enables the to do their own research
Ex- surveillance, electronic checks → Airport security checks in sg → makes tourists feel safer and more confident about travelling
Demand factors: disposable incoome
Disposable income refers to the amount of income left for saving and spending → the growth in income has allowed people to spent more on goods, services or activities that improve their quality of life
Ex: Rapid economic growth in china and india → Number of people in the middle income and high income groups has been growing
Demand factors: leisure time
Leisure time is the time when people are free from work responsibilities and commitments → usually in the form of paid leave → ↑ paid leave → ↑ in incentive to travel
Ex- Australia → many employees can exchange paid overtime w leave → ↑ in incentive to travel
Changing lifestyle
Changing lifestyle refers to the change in the way people live throughout their lives → pace of life is much faster → long hours at the workplace beyond official work hours → travelling as a way to relax and take a break.
○advances in medical technology and knowledge → ppl more health- conscious → lead healthier lifestyles → increase in number of healthy retirees → major contributors to the growth of tourism → popular on cruises to Mediterranean or Caribbean
Ex- australia →grp of retirees known as the grey nomads → spend most of their time travelling in mobile homes or vehicles
Destination factors: attractions
Attractions are a feature or quality that makes a place interesting or enjoyable → some are natural, some are built
Ex- Dubai, a city in the united arab emirates in the middle east → become a major destination and stopover location → governments, tourist authorities and tourism businesses know the value in investing in attractions → they hope tourists will return repeatedly to spent their tourist dollars
Destination factors: investment in infrastructure and services
Tourist attractions require large investments in infrastructure and services, → refers to the electrical frameworks and systems for water and waste disposal → one type is airport expansion and development → fewer tourists will want to visit a place if its airport cannot manage the growth of visitors
Ex- Changi Airports budget terminal was closed down in September 2012 to make way for the construction of terminal 4 which officially opened in October 2017 raising the total capacity to 82 million passengers per year compared to only 73 million in 2013
destination factors: Access to information
Access to information refers to the ease at which information can be obtained→ tourists are more likely to visit a destination when travel related information is easy to obtain
Ex- in singapore, signs that give directions to tourist destinations are printed in multiple languages
how do disasters impact tourism
Disasters are events that cause great damage to properties, lead to injuries or cause great loss of life → discouraging tourists from visiting a destination
Ex- march 2011 earthquake and tsunami in tohaku, japan → by end of 2011 japan’s total tourist arrivals had decreased by 28%
How do recessions lead to the decline in tourism
A recession is a period of general slowdown in economic activities → people experience a a loss of income or jobs → cut back on spending → leading to a decline in demand for goods and services → less people are likely to travel overseas
Ex regional recession: it affects only a region or a small group → European sovereign debt crisis → started in 2010 when Greece was unable to repay government debt → other European governments sought help to repay government debts → affected countries using the Euro → collaps of businesses and massive unemployment
Ex global recession: Global financial crisis → the crisis started when some of the world’s largest financial firms went bankrupt in 2007 and 2008 → collapse after losing large amounts of their investments in the crash of the housing market in the us → triggered panic in most financial intuitions around the world→ affecting many countries around the world
how does Political situations impact tourism
Unfavourable political situations may discourage tourists form visiting. one such situation is that of political conflicts → a state of disagreement between different groups of people that may result in wars
Ex: governments of most countries banned their citizens from visiting libya for most of 2011 due to a civil war taking place in the country where armed groups pose a threat to civilian lives → commercial airlines reduced or stopped flights to libya → no tourist arrivals in libya by air
how do diseases impact tourism
an outbreak of diseases refers to the sudden and widespread occurrence of disease in an area.→ causes a huge drop in the number of tourist arrivals as they do not want to risk getting infected with a contagious disease.
EX- a SARS outbreak in singapore which infected 238 ppl and killed 33 deterred many viusitors → 19% decline in tourist arrivals from the previous year
