Tourism Flashcards
What is disposable income?
Money left over after necessities (food, shelter, water, etc) have been bought.
Money can be spent on luxuries (e.g. holidays)
What are domestic tourists?
Tourists that travel within their own country
What is a honeypot site?
A location attracting a large number of tourists who place pressure on the environment + locals
What is the multiplier effect?
When a job is created in one sector of the economy, leading to other jobs in other sectors
Why has there been an dramatic increase in the amount of tourists across the years?
More destinations Budget airlines/package holidays Internet booking Less global conflicts Disposable income
What factors affect tourism growth?
Social: free time; fashion; media; retirement
Economic: rising affluence; small families; more TNCs; better pensions; exchange rates
TECHNOLOGY: transport; infrastructure; less flight time; cheaper flights
Figures about tourism in the UK?
8.6% to UK economy
1 in 12 jobs supported by tourism
+250,000 tourism jobs from 2010-2020
What is an external factor?
Give examples of some influencing tourism
Factors outside the control of the industry
E.g. exchange rates, terrorist attacks, expanding economy
Case study: Black pool
History of growth?
Close to industrial town with disposable income
Accessible by railway (1846) + motorway
Decline began when cheap air flight became popular
Case study: Black pool
Attractions?
Blackpool Tower Blackpool Illuminations Blackpool Pleasure Beach Blackpool Zoo Winter Gardens
Case study: Black pool
Anti social behavior strategy?
IMPACT: no respect; stag dos + hen parties, girls get served
STRATEGY: smarten up image- special deals for businesses that sign up; Think/challenge scheme- more strict about selling
EFFECTIVE: Sales of alcohol to youths reduced by 30%
Case study: Black pool
Traffic congestion strategy?
IMPACT: M55 suffering from traffic congestion
STRATEGY: Blackpool North train station electrified; electric tram system improved- 16 new trams; Safe Cycle Network/Hire-a-bike scheme
EFECTIVE: reduced road accidents and air pollution; less visitors by car; Blackpool declared cycling town
Case study: Black pool
Poor accommodation strategy?
IMPACT: cheap accommodation damages tourist numbers
STRATEGY: unwilling hoteliers encouraged to leave; Blackpool Quality Standard Mark introduced; Blackpool Tourism Awards- system to encourage
EFFECTIVE: annual increase in quality and quantity of hotels
Case study: Black pool
SuperCasino Bid failure strategy
IMPACT: lost Casinos in bid to Manchester (supposed to be to regenerate Blackpool)
STRATEGY: conference and Leisure Quarter plans drawn up
EFFECTIVE: expected to bring £200-400 mil of capital investment; more visitors; 2500-3400 jobs created
What is the Butler Model?
Tourist Area Life Cycle Model Exploration Involvement Development Consolidation (level off) Stagnation Rejuvenation/Decline
What is a national park?
protected are of natural beauty
What is the NPA?
National Park Authority: management of parks to balance needs of area and the conflicts
Who owns national parks?
effect on NPA?
Mostly private so NPA cant control a lot of activity
Case Study: The Lake District
Why do people visit?
Mountains - Scafell Pike highest in UK
Lakes - Windermere is largest, Westwater deepest
Attractions - Museams
Easy access by M6 motorway
Case study: The Lake District
Positive impacts of tourism
- 41 mil visitors spend over £1 billion each year
- 20,000 jobs created
- better public transport, shops, leisure, etc
- supports local producers of food/drink
- raises environment awareness
Case study: The Lake District
Negative impacts of tourism
- job opportunities disappear in winter
- rise in house prices (holiday homes)
- congested areas
- conficts between tourists/locals/farmer/etc
- local goods become expensive
- litter; erosion; fires; vandalism
- high CO2 emissions + phosphate levels in lakes
- decline in rare species (e.g. Vanace fish)
Case study: The Lake District
Strategies to reduce negative effects of tourism?
- Fresh Air is Free reduces car travel by encouraging local attractions
- Love Your Lakes reduces phosphate levels by dis-encouraging use of too much washing detergent
- Fix the Fells repairs erosion scars + prevent future ones to decrease dangerous levels of silt (threat to species)
