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GCSE Geography > Tourism > Flashcards

Tourism Flashcards

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1
Q

Give an example of a country dependant on tourism

A

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

  • 30% of GDP from tourism - largest industry
  • Attractions: Palms, The World (man-made islands), Burj Khalifa
  • Brings in foreign income, multiplier effect, jobs

Also Barbados - 80% GDP is tourism

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2
Q

Describe the attractions of an extreme environment that you have studied.

A

Antarcitca, The Antarctic

  • Different, unique landscape
  • Unique wildlife + habitats
  • Extraordinary holiday expirience
  • Activities - sailing, trekking, wildlife watching, skiing, etc.
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3
Q

Describe the impacts of tourism on an extreme environment that you have studied.

A

Antarctica, The Antarctic

  • Extreme tourism is ‘high impact’
  • Vists to most picturesque areas are often during nesting + breeding times. Can damage wildlife
  • Shipping main route into area - disturbs ecosystems
  • M/V Explorer sank in 2007 + caused 1.5km2 oil spill
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4
Q

Describe the measures in place to protect an extreme environment that you have studied

A

Antarctica, The Antarctic

  • International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO) manages tourism
  • Aims to reduce tourist numbers to 47,000 to 26,000 a year in 2011/12
  • Ban on all ships carrying 500+ passengers
  • SSSIs set up - Bird Island no people
  • Penguins + seals protected by 5m radius. In past, adults abandoned young + eggs after human contact
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5
Q

Name and locate an ecotourism resort you have studied

A

Kigio Conservancy, Rift Valley, Kenya

  • Set up in 1997
  • At the forefront of ecotourism in the Rift Valley
  • ‘Dedicated to wildlife, environment, and community’
  • Aims to be completely sustainable + carbon neutral
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6
Q

Describe the sustainable methods used by an ecotourism resort you have studied.

A

Kigio Conservancy, Rift Valley, Kenya

  • Accomodation‘cottages’ made from mud, timber, thatch, and reclaimed materials from local area + built using local methods.
  • Furniture is made from reclaimed timber
  • No electricity, oil lamps used
  • Works with local schools, raising money for new classrooms + other projects (e.g. water tanks)
  • Patnerships with conservation organisations such as Tusk Trust
  • Employs local people
  • Conservation activities e.g. looking after orphaned wildlife. Took in baby giraffe from orphanage in Nairobi
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7
Q

Describe the attractions of a mass tourism in an area you have studied

A

Kenya, Africa

  • Good climate (tropical) - sunshine all year round
  • Hot + humid
  • Safari holidays e.g. Kigio
  • Cultural expirience e.g. Masai tribe
  • Coastal holidays e.g. Mombassa
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8
Q

Describe the positive effects of mass tourism in an area you have studied

A

Kenya, Africa

  • New infrastructure
  • Earns foreign currency
  • Creates demand for local food + farming
  • National parks created
  • Multiplier effect
  • New leisure faccilities (if locals can afford to use it)
  • More jobs with reliable wages
  • Can increase GDP, which can be diversified over time
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9
Q

Describe the positive effects of mass tourism in an area you have studied

A

Kenya, Africa

  • Seasonal income + employment
  • Income rarely benefits locals or even country - instead goes to companies
  • Visitor numbers fluctuate
  • Dependant on external factors (Election violence 2007)
  • Pollution
  • GDP becomes dependant on tourism
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10
Q

Describe the strategies and plans to decrease the impacts of mass tourism and make it more beneficial in an area you have studied

A

Kenya, Africa

  • Sustainable tourism - Kigio Conservancy
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11
Q

Draw and label the stages of the Butler Tourist Resort Life Cycle Model

A

Stage 6 is either:

  • Rejuvenation
  • Steady Decline
  • Major Decline

Time should be labeled on the x axis

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12
Q

Describe the stages of the Butler Tourist Resort Life Cycle Model

A
  1. Exploration Few wealthy visit + identify good location. Few attractions
  2. Involvement Bussinesses + locals see potential. Attractions begin to be developed
  3. Development Large numbers of tourists start to visit + attractions are developed
  4. Consolidation Destination has established itself. Tourist tends to dominate region
  5. Stagnation Few new attractions, numbers start to plateau or decline
  6. Rejuvenation/ Steady Decline/ Major Decline
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13
Q

What are the stages of the Butler Tourist Resort Life Cycle Model?

A
  1. Exploration
  2. Involvement
  3. Development
  4. Consolidation
  5. Stagnation
  6. Rejuvenation/Steady Decline/ Major Decline

Even In Darkness, Chicken Still Roasts Steadily Mostly…

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14
Q

What stage of the Butler Tourist Resort Life Cycle Model is Blackpool in?

A

Stage 5 - Stagnation

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15
Q

Describe the stages how a UK Coastal resort which you have studied progressed through the stages of the Butler Tourism Model

A

Blackpool, Lanchashire, UK

  • Exploration: Early 1800s few wealthy visit to bathe in sea to cure ailments
  • Involvement: Late 1800s. Central Pier built 1868
  • Development: 1900-1960s companies invest. Hotels + package holidays developed. Toursit jobs increase. Pleasure Beach built 1904
  • Consolidation: 1950s-70s UK seaside resorts very popular
  • Stagnation: Present day. Decrease due to overseas competition + bad rep.
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16
Q

Describe the reasons for stagnation in a UK Coastal Resort that you have studied

A

Blackpool, Lancashire, UK

  • Stag-do mentality - ‘tacky’ + cheap reputation
  • Enviornmental degradation
  • Boredom - lack of attractions, especially new ones
  • Low cost flights to summer sun destinations
17
Q

What visitor/rejuvenation strategies has a UK Coastal Resort that you have studied put in place?

A

Blackpool, Lancashire, UK

  • Supercasino bid
  • New attractions added to Pleasure Beach - Big One
  • Visit Blackpool Youtube campaign - Love from Blackpool
  • Gay Blackpool - embraced diversified tourism market
  • Regeneration by Light - Laser on tower, lights in CBD
18
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of the visitor/rejuventation strategies implimented by a UK Coastal Resort that you have studied

A

Blackpool, Lancashire, UK

  • Supercasino bid failed - went to Manchester in 2007
  • Big One very popular. When first built it was the tallest + biggest in the world
  • Youtube films not effective
  • Regeneration by Light aesthetically pleasing but little long-term impact
  • Gay Blackpool has further added to binge-drinking + stag-do reputation
19
Q

What is the future of a UK Coastal Resort that you have studied?

A

Blackpool, Lancashire, UK

Looks bleak with competition from low cost flights to Spanish coastal destinations

20
Q

Give advantages of mass tourism

A
  • More jobs with reliable wages
  • New infrastructure
  • Construction creates jobs
  • New leisure facilites (if locals can afford them)
  • Increased GDP - over time country could diversify this away from reliance on tourism
21
Q

Give disadvantages of mass tourism

A
  • Seasonal
  • Pollution + not sustainable
  • Over development - unused attractions pointless + can put people off
  • Temporary?
  • Large, multi-national companies dominate and prevent locals from benefitting
  • Economy still under-developed + overly-reliant on tourism
  • Vulnearble to external factors (e.g. terrorism)
  • Traditional livelihoods + culture lost
  • Numbers can fluctuate
22
Q

Why has tourism increased globally?

A
  • Change in mindset - people want to discover new locations and now can!
  • Europe + traditional resorts saturated
  • Budget airlines + more destinations
  • Disposable incomes increased
  • Ease of booking online
  • Language barriers decreased
  • LEDCs cheaper due to weaker currencies
  • More leisure time
  • More DINKS
  • More varieties of tourism, so new destinations have developed to accompany these
23
Q

How can tourism be influenced by external factors?

A
  • Terrorism
  • Natural disasters
  • The economy/currency
  • Politics
  • Recession
24
Q

What are the two types of tourism?

A

International and domestic

25
Q

Define mass tourism

A

Tourism on a large scale to one country or region.

Occurs during development/consolidation stages (3/4)

26
Q

What is stewardship?

A

The personal responsibility for looking after things, in this case the environment.

No one should damage the present/future environment

GCSE Geography (6 decks)

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