Population Change Flashcards
What is ‘Bright Lights Syndrome’?
The unreal expectations some migrants have about urban living
Expecting glamour when reality is very different
Describe the strategies of an anti-natal brith control policy you have studied
One Child Policy, China
- Implimented 1979/1980
- Applied to Han Chinese - 80% of pop.
- Can’t marry until late 20s and only allowed one successful birth
- 10% salary cut for more than one child, 10X salary fines
- Forced abortions + sterilisations. Abductions
- Priority housing + child recieves free education, healthcare. 2nd don’t
- 5-10% salary rise for only 1
Describe the impact of an anti-natal birth control policy that you have studied
One Child Policy, China
- Female infantacide (genercide) - 38 million killed
- Gender skew - 114 males to 100 females
- 400 million fewer people born
- Little Emperor Syndrom
- 4-2-1 problem + ageing population
- Birth tourism
Describe the changes to the One Child Policy since 1990
- Couples without siblings can now have 2 children
- Shanghai - all couples can now have 2
- In some rural areas can have 2
Describe the problems caused by an ageing population in a country you have studied
Pro-natal Policy, France
- BR below replacement level - pop. never recovered after WW1
- Stage 5 of DTM
- Falling economically active
- High dependancy ratio
- High number of elderly dependants
Describe the ways of combatting an ageing population in a European country you have studied
Pro-Natal Policy, France
- 3 years paid maternity/paternity leave
- Free nursery care
- Schooling starts at age 3
- Earlier retirement for women
- After 3rd child, £675 per month if mum stays off work for up to 1 year
- Carte Famille Nombreuse - money off restaurant bills + train fares
- Income tax cuts for more kids
Describe the effectiveness of the ways of combatting an ageing population in an EU country you have studied
Pro-Natal Policy, France
- Fertility rate increased from 1.7 to 1.9
- Highest BR in EU along with Ireland - 2.1
- Reduced dependancy ration
- Increased economically active
Why doesn’t Afghanistan have a birth control policy and what are the impacts of this?
- Poverty
- Strict religious law (Shariah Law)
- Taliban
- No contraception
- Lack of equality/female emancipation
- War + political instability
- Rural + undeveloped economy
Impacts:
- Stage 2 of DTM
- High BR
Describe the strategies of an alternative birth control policy you have studied
Education & Emancipation of Women - Kerala, South-West India
- Improving education + adult literacy rates
- Emancipation of women + encourgaging careers
- Free contraception + sexual advice
- Land reform - 8ha of land each
Describe the impacts of an alternative birth control policy you have studied
Education & Emancipation of Women - Kerala, South-West India
- Increased GDP
- Only state in India in Stage 4 of DTM
- 90% adult literacy rate
- Dowry system reversed - more women at uni than men
- Steadily declining BR
- Steady + sustainable pop. growth - elderly dependants only 11.2%
- 2011 predicted growth was 2%
- No gender skew - 1084 women per 1000 men
Describe the impacts on the country of origin of migration into the EU
Senegal to Italy
- Money sent home
- Can earn more
- More job opportunities
- Increases GDP due to foreign currency
BUT
- Gender skew - more females than males
- Families seperated
- Poor relationship with host/destination country
Describe the imapcts on the host country of migration into the EU
Senegal to Italy
- Some pay tax + don’t claim as much benefits
- Work for minimum wage/cheaper than locals
- Do menial/unwanted jobs
BUT
- Strain on resources/infrastructure
- Some claim welfare
- Ethnic tensions - Take jobs from locals?
- Language barriers
Describe the impacts on the country of origin of migration within the EU
Poland to UK
- Money sent home
- Strain off Polish resouces/infrastructure
- Female emancipation
BUT
- Gender skew
- Less economically active
- Brain drain
- Damages relationship with host country
Describe the impacts on migration within the EU on the destination country
Poland to UK
- Pay tax
- Work minimum wage + lower - cheap labour
- Do menial jobs
- Increase in economically active
BUT
- Tensions
- Claim benefits?
- Strain on resources/infrastructure
Describe the stages of the DTM
- BR + DR high - low natural increase + low total pop. (Matis Tribe, Amazon)
- BR high, DR falling - high natural increase (pop. growth) (Afghanistan)
- BR falling + low DR - high natural increase (pop. growth) (Brazil)
- BR + DR low - low natural increase (sustainable) (UK)
- BR falls below DR - natural decrease (pop. decline) (France)
Draw and label a diagram of the DTM
Draw and label a diagram showing the population pyramids at each stage of the DTM
