Population Change Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is ‘Bright Lights Syndrome’?
The unreal expectations some migrants have about urban living
Expecting glamour when reality is very different
Describe the strategies of an anti-natal brith control policy you have studied
One Child Policy, China
- Implimented 1979/1980
- Applied to Han Chinese - 80% of pop.
- Can’t marry until late 20s and only allowed one successful birth
- 10% salary cut for more than one child, 10X salary fines
- Forced abortions + sterilisations. Abductions
- Priority housing + child recieves free education, healthcare. 2nd don’t
- 5-10% salary rise for only 1
Describe the impact of an anti-natal birth control policy that you have studied
One Child Policy, China
- Female infantacide (genercide) - 38 million killed
- Gender skew - 114 males to 100 females
- 400 million fewer people born
- Little Emperor Syndrom
- 4-2-1 problem + ageing population
- Birth tourism
Describe the changes to the One Child Policy since 1990
- Couples without siblings can now have 2 children
- Shanghai - all couples can now have 2
- In some rural areas can have 2
Describe the problems caused by an ageing population in a country you have studied
Pro-natal Policy, France
- BR below replacement level - pop. never recovered after WW1
- Stage 5 of DTM
- Falling economically active
- High dependancy ratio
- High number of elderly dependants
Describe the ways of combatting an ageing population in a European country you have studied
Pro-Natal Policy, France
- 3 years paid maternity/paternity leave
- Free nursery care
- Schooling starts at age 3
- Earlier retirement for women
- After 3rd child, £675 per month if mum stays off work for up to 1 year
- Carte Famille Nombreuse - money off restaurant bills + train fares
- Income tax cuts for more kids
Describe the effectiveness of the ways of combatting an ageing population in an EU country you have studied
Pro-Natal Policy, France
- Fertility rate increased from 1.7 to 1.9
- Highest BR in EU along with Ireland - 2.1
- Reduced dependancy ration
- Increased economically active
Why doesn’t Afghanistan have a birth control policy and what are the impacts of this?
- Poverty
- Strict religious law (Shariah Law)
- Taliban
- No contraception
- Lack of equality/female emancipation
- War + political instability
- Rural + undeveloped economy
Impacts:
- Stage 2 of DTM
- High BR
Describe the strategies of an alternative birth control policy you have studied
Education & Emancipation of Women - Kerala, South-West India
- Improving education + adult literacy rates
- Emancipation of women + encourgaging careers
- Free contraception + sexual advice
- Land reform - 8ha of land each
Describe the impacts of an alternative birth control policy you have studied
Education & Emancipation of Women - Kerala, South-West India
- Increased GDP
- Only state in India in Stage 4 of DTM
- 90% adult literacy rate
- Dowry system reversed - more women at uni than men
- Steadily declining BR
- Steady + sustainable pop. growth - elderly dependants only 11.2%
- 2011 predicted growth was 2%
- No gender skew - 1084 women per 1000 men
Describe the impacts on the country of origin of migration into the EU
Senegal to Italy
- Money sent home
- Can earn more
- More job opportunities
- Increases GDP due to foreign currency
BUT
- Gender skew - more females than males
- Families seperated
- Poor relationship with host/destination country
Describe the imapcts on the host country of migration into the EU
Senegal to Italy
- Some pay tax + don’t claim as much benefits
- Work for minimum wage/cheaper than locals
- Do menial/unwanted jobs
BUT
- Strain on resources/infrastructure
- Some claim welfare
- Ethnic tensions - Take jobs from locals?
- Language barriers
Describe the impacts on the country of origin of migration within the EU
Poland to UK
- Money sent home
- Strain off Polish resouces/infrastructure
- Female emancipation
BUT
- Gender skew
- Less economically active
- Brain drain
- Damages relationship with host country
Describe the impacts on migration within the EU on the destination country
Poland to UK
- Pay tax
- Work minimum wage + lower - cheap labour
- Do menial jobs
- Increase in economically active
BUT
- Tensions
- Claim benefits?
- Strain on resources/infrastructure
Describe the stages of the DTM
- BR + DR high - low natural increase + low total pop. (Matis Tribe, Amazon)
- BR high, DR falling - high natural increase (pop. growth) (Afghanistan)
- BR falling + low DR - high natural increase (pop. growth) (Brazil)
- BR + DR low - low natural increase (sustainable) (UK)
- BR falls below DR - natural decrease (pop. decline) (France)
Draw and label a diagram of the DTM
Draw and label a diagram showing the population pyramids at each stage of the DTM
What causes birth rate to drop?
- Mechanisation of agriculture
- Emancipation of women
- Education
- Urbanisation
- Better standard of living
- De-industrialisation
What causes death rate to drop?
- Medical care
- Pensions/welfare state
- Mechanisation of agriculture
- Better standard of living
- De-industrialisation
- Urbanisation
