Touring Ends of Eras Flashcards
1
Q
New Year Celebration
What are 3 different New Year celebrations and what is the meaning behind them?
What they are and background
A
- The Ball Drop: originally, balls dropping on poles signified to sailors the time when they were at sea, marking the passage of time
- Dipping apples in honey: done for Rosh Hashanah, started from the work Arba’ah Turim, stating that German Jews ate apples and honey to bring sweetness into the new year
- Red envelopes: in Lunar New Year, these are filled with money and signify luck and wealth for the new year, with the envelope being more significant than the money itself
2
Q
Captain’s Log Video
What is the Captain’s Log Video?
Basic idea
A
- From Star Trek
- The Captain is talking about prolonged life on the Enterprise
- Reflecting on difficulty, the passage of time, relationships, goals, and whether or not it’s all worth it
3
Q
Japanese Calendar
What is the Japanese calendar?
Different aspects of the calendar
A
- Originally drawn up from Chinese methods, now using the Gregorian calendar, but some aspects remain
- Started when it was the new moon, with a full moon marking the midway point
- Era names are used for denoting names with the standard. For example, it is now the Reiwa era
- The Eto, or zodiac animals, form a 12 year cycle
- There are also 12 traditional month names relating to the traditional meaning of that month and season
- There are 5 Sekku, seasonal festivals that take place on auspicious days
- There are also 24 Sekki, divisions of the year used in the Chinese calendar with some adaptations
- The rokuyo is a repeated six-day sequence marking what days are auspicious, for events like weddings and funerals
4
Q
Calendar Riots
What were the calendar riots?
What were they supposed to be, backstory
A
- Riots around the lost 11 days
- Britain switched from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar
- The Julian calendar had an inbuilt error of 1 day every 128 years due to a miscalculation
- This affected the date of Easter
- France, Italy, Poland and Spain were the first to join, with Turkey being the last
- Correcting hte 11 lost days was necessary, but people though their lives would be shorter, and was potentially met with riots
- It may have been a misinterpretation of a painting by William Hogarth “An Election Entertainment”, about the argument between the Whigs and the Tories
- William Willett of Endon claimed to be able to dance for 12 days and nights around this time
- The British tax year still falls on the Julian calendar
5
Q
Julian Calendar
What is the Julian Calendar?
Basics
A
- Introduced by Julius Ceasar
- Solar calendar
- Used still as a religious calendar in the Eastern Orthodox Church
- Reform of the Roman calendar
- There was a slight error, causing the calendar to gain a year every 128 years
6
Q
Gregorian Calendar
What is the Gregorian Calendar?
Basics
A
- Pope Gregory XIII
- Replacement and modification of the Julian calendar
- Is the most commonly accepted calendar today
- Stopped the drift of the calendar and was more accurate
7
Q
Islamic Calendar
What is the Islamic calendar?
Basics
A
- Hijri calendar
- Lunar calendar with 354 or 355 days
- Used to determine meaningful holidays and rituals
- The calendar enumerates the Hijri era, with the establishment of the Muslim community (Hijra)
- Years prior to the Hijra are denoted BH
8
Q
Japanese Calendar
What is the Japanese calendar?
Basics
A
- Includes a range of offical and unofficial systems
- Japan currently uses the Gregorian calendar and eras for different rulers
9
Q
Korean Calendar
What is the Korean calendar?
Basics
A
- Dangun calendar
- Lunisolar calendar
- Traditional holidays and age-reckoning are based off the traditional calendar
10
Q
Rumi Calendar
What is the Rumi calendar?
Basics
A
- Specific calendar based on the Julian calendar
- Used in the Ottoman Empire after the Tanzimat
- Solar based calendar
- A date is assigned to each solar day
11
Q
Hindu Calendar
What is the Hindu calendar?
Basics
A
- Panchanga
- One of the lunisolar calendars traditionally used in the Indian subcontinent
- Based on the sidereal year
- Remains in use by Hindus all around the world
- Especially for setting festival dates
12
Q
Nepali Calendar
What is the Nepali calendar?
Basics
A
- Nepal Sambat
- Appeared on offical items and documents
- Used outside of Nepal as well
- Now symbol of rallying for culture
- People fought hard to keep it alive
13
Q
Mayan Calendar
What is the Mayan calendar?
Basics
A
- System of calendars used in pre-Columbian mesoamerica
- Also used in modern communities like Guatemalan highlands, Oaxaca and Chiapas
- Similar to Zapotec and Olmec calendars
- Consists of several cycles, or counts of different lengths
14
Q
Solar Calendar
What is a solar calendar?
Basics
A
- A calendar whose dates indicate the season and sun position
- The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar
- The Egyptians appear to be the first to employ such a calendar
15
Q
Lunar Calendar
What is a lunar calendar?
Basics
A
- Based on the monthly cycles of the moon
- The most widely observed solely lunar calendar is the Islamic calendar
- May vary, but new, full and crescent moons may be used to indicate
- Lunar years are 11 to 12 days shorter to days in the Gregorian calendar
