The Stuff that Dreams Are Remade Of Flashcards
1
Q
Butter Art…icle
What is butter art?
Origins and some artists
A
- Can be traced back to banquet art
- Associated with the Baroque and Renaissance periods
- Brings entertainment to the table for a special occasion
- Bartolomeo Scappi, Pope Pius V’s cook
- Norwegian-American sculptor John Karl Daniels
- Featured in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Minnesota State Fair
2
Q
Butter Art…icle
Who is Caroline Shawk Brooks?
Background and art
A
- Butter artist who also worked in marble
- Used ice to keep sculptures from melting
- Did not use molds, used a butter paddle, broom straw and a “camel’s hair pencil”
- Made a sculpture, a full-sized sculpture and a bas-relief bust of Iolanthe
- Blind princess from Henrik Hert’z King Rene’s Daughter
- Displayed at a Cincinnati gallery, the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia and the third Paris World’s Fair
3
Q
Cave Art…icle
What were the cave drawings fround in Alabama?
Background, ways they were found, context
A
- Our understanding of human evolution and people of the ancient past is mainly only understood through studying DNA and fossils
- Finding the ghosts of the past was only possible through the study of biomolecules, mostly of early Eurasian and African peoples
- Now, digital analysis of rock paintings are uncovering cave paintings from America 2,000 years ago
- In the Journal Antiquity, Professor Jan Simek from the University of Tennessee has published photographs of giant glyphs carved into the mud surface of a low ceiling in a cave in Alabama
- The motifs are some of the largest cave images seen in North America and may represent spirits of the underworld
- The drawings are of a diamondback rattlesnake which was a sacred animal, and a human figure, 3 meters and 1.8 meters respectively
- Using the stub of a bamboo torch the cave was roughly dated using radiocarbon, confirming pottery evidence found there as well
- The paintings were difficult to see as the ceiling was only 60 cm high
- Using photogrammetry, thousands of overlapping photos were taken, and this allowed the team to “lower” the cave floor up 4 meters, enough for complete motifs to be viewed
4
Q
Cave Art…icle
What are some other examples of cave paintings which were found?
Examples and technique
A
- Rock art is found on nearly every continent
- However, pigments dull, engravings erode to nothing and caves collapse, so the only way to find them is through new technologies
- Rock art in the dark zone of caves were only discovered in North America over a century after their discovery in Europe
- Around 500 European caves are known to contain rock art from the Pleistocene era
- A hand stencil was found in a cave in Maltravieso in western Spain
- By photographing the area and using image enhacement, the hand stencil finally became visible
- Light engravings are very difficut to see, so using reflectance transformation imaging, the models can be used to illuminate any part of an object, making things like the bison of El Castillo Cave in Spain visible
- Using similar technology to body scanners in airports can help uncover more of this art
5
Q
Lascaux Cave Article
What was the recreation of the Lascaux cave?
Original, recreation, context
A
- Four teenage boys saved their dog from a hole and discovered a cave covered in hundreds of prehistoric animals, with around 600 paintings and a thousand engravings
- After WWii it became a popular toursit site, but the breath and sweat of visitors was damaging to the paintings
- The French goverment spent $64 million building a nearly perfect replica
- It is right next to the cave, and forest sounds are played to recreate the experience
- They also recreated the impression of going underground and coming out again
- Archeologist Jean-Pierre Chadelle used very advanced techniques, like a magnesium pencil for the horns, a different technique for the muzzle, blow-dried ochre paint and even the placing of the animals is intential, to make use of the rock texture
- Chadelle used to give tours in the original cave but people were suffocating
- The hole was opened up to make room for a fan
- The first big room of the cave replica, known as the Hall of Bulls, have bulls and horses which are likely spiritual, unlike mammoth or reindeer which is what those people would have eaten
- There are interactive exhibits in the museum, where visitors have access to a personalized tablet in 10 languages, and the exhibit is in a modern glass building which looks like it slipped into the hillside
- Francis Ringenbach said the painstaking art of copying the work pixel by pixel reminded them of the amazing work of those people, and it at times was emotional
6
Q
Judith on the Red Square
What is Judith on the Red Square?
Who did it, what does it depict
A
- By Vitaly Komar and Alexander Melamid
- Painting of a young woman holding the head of Stalin on a red background
- Komar and Melamid parodies the ideology of Soviet iconography
7
Q
Judith Article
What is the story of Judith?
What is the general story and similar people
A
- Assyrian king Nebuchadnezzar
- Sent his general Holofernes to seige the jewish city Bethulia
- The widow Judith seduces him and then beheads him
- There are also similar stories like Jael and Salom
8
Q
Judith Article
How was Judith depicted in the Middle Ages?
The depiction, some art samples
A
- Seen as virtous and aligned somewhat with the Virgin Mary
- Said to posses “a fear of the Lord”, similar to humility
- Seen in an old manuscript
9
Q
Judith Article
How was Judith depicted in the Renaissance?
The different depictions, some art examples
A
- More politicized
- Bronze statue done by Donatello
- In this depiction she is modestly covered but in a warrior stance
- Early Renaissance depictions of her are virginally beautiful
- Later Renaissance depictions are more seductive and aggresive
- Two examples of this are by Giorgione and Giorgio Vasari
- In Northern Europe, she was the perfect subject for nudes
- Examples are Hans Baldug Grien and Vincent Sellaer
- Another example by Jan Sanders van Hemessen
10
Q
Judith Article
How was Judith depicted in the Baroque era?
The depictions and some art examples
A
- Was a subject for artists to indulge in gore
- Artists include Caravaggio and Artemisia Gentileschi
11
Q
Judith Article
How was Judith depicted in the Belle Epoque?
The depictions and some art examples
A
- Morphed into a femme fatale
- Others include Medusa, Cleopatra, Salome, and Delilah
- Examples such as by Gustav Klimt and Franz von Stuck
12
Q
Judith Article
What are two modern political versions of Judith?
Who did it and depiction
A
- Komar and Melamid
- Related to Stalin
- Kehinde Wiley
- Black woman holding the head of a white woman
13
Q
Judith Caravaggio Article
What is Caravaggio’s depiction of Judith?
What does it show?
A
- The background is strange and not fully 3D
- Gory depiction of the exact moment
- Judith looks akward as she is performing the killing
- The grotesque face of the old servant helping is a clear da Vinci influence
14
Q
Artemisia Judith Article
What is Artemisia Gentileschi’s depiction of Judith?
What does it show?
A
- Judith and her young servant (?) both well dressed
- Right in the act of killing Holofernes
15
Q
Klimt Judith Article
What is Gustav Klimt’s depiction of Judith?
What does it show?
A
- Art noveu portraits
- Half-naked Judith in a state of bliss
- Holding Holoferne’s head, only partially visible
16
Q
America Judith Article
What is Pedro Americo’s depiction of Judith?
What does it show?
A
- Shows an elegantly dressed Judith
- Looking like a deity
- Thanking God
- The head barely noticable on the carpet at her feet
17
Q
Wiley Judith Article
What is Kehinde Wiley’s depiction of Judith?
What does it show?
A
- Background of flowers
- A black woman in a stunning dress
- Holding the head of a white woman
- Targeting white supremacy
18
Q
Washington Crossing Article
What is Washington Crossing the Delaware?
Who did it, what does it depict, fame
A
- Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze
- Is one of the most famous art works in the world
- Has been endlessly parodied
- Two existing versions, one at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art and one at the the Minnesota Marine Art Museum
- It depicts as George Washington plots a crossing of the Delaware to surprise British troups in New Jersey
19
Q
Washington Crossing Article
What is wrong with Washington Crossing the Delaware?
Things that make it inacurrate, why this is
A
- Washington is standing looking far to confident
- If he had stood like that then he would have fallen in
- All of his troops would be standing on a flat boat as well
- Washington also appears far older in the painting, not the 44 years old he really was at that time
- The sunlight is wrong, since the crossing happened at night
- The American flag being held was also only used around a year later
- The crossing looks like it is on a wide ocean, while really it was not that far
- Leutze did not have access to so much information, and it was made in Germany some 100 years after the event
- He tooks this event as a great show of victory, which is why he painted it
- Limited information means some details were inaccurate
20
Q
Washington Crossing Article
What is the recreation of Washington Crossing the Delaware?
Who did it, what does it depict?
A
- Mort Kunstler
- Commissioned by Tom Suozzi
- Both went to the original site and asked around for accurate information
- Instead of the row boat, it is a flat raft helped by poles and wires
- It is night time and they are using a torch, there are ice sheets instead of ice bergs
- Washington is balanced securely at the front of the boat
- The clothing he wears is accurate because Kunstler got a hold of a replica of his outfit
21
Q
Washington Carver Article
What is George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware?
Who did it and what does it depict?
A
- Robert Colescott
- Famous parody which is very Black and very anecdotal
- Features many historical figures like George Washington Carver, Aunt Jemima and Uncle Ben
- Rewrites American national self-mythology
22
Q
Tape Art…icle
Who is Erika Iris Simmons?
What she does and some artwork examples
A
- Uses non-traditional media such as old books, audio cassettes, playing cards, magazines, credit cards and whatever she can find
- She uses cassette tapes and reels to make what she calls “Ghosts in the Machine”
- Some examples include:
- Jim Morrison
- The “Reel” Marylin Monroe
- Robert De Niro
- Ian Curtis
- Bob Dylan
- Jimi Hendrix
23
Q
Shoe Art…icle
What is the work by Dominique Blain?
What does it show
A
- Missa
- 100 suspended pairs of army boots
- Connection to war, strength and loss
- Deafening silence of a war memorial
- Critiqued by David Pagel
24
Q
Babirusa Article
What is the Leang Timpuseng cave?
Importance, background
A
- One of the Maros-Pangkep caves on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi
- According to Dr Anthony Dosseto of the University of Wollongong are some of the oldest paintings there
- Hand stencil and babirusa painting are some of the oldest paintings in the world
- These images were dated using Uranium Thorium dating
- Caves prove that modern humans developed a common culture before leaving Africa
25
Q
Babirusa Article
What is the location of the Leang Timpuseng cave?
Island, hill, caves, artists here
A
- Sulawesi (previously Celebes) is the world’s eleventh largest island
- Between Borneo and the Maluku Islands
- Maros Pangkep is a limestone hill, the second biggest karst area in Asia
- Leang Timpuseng is only 1 out of around 90 caves on the island containing prehistoric art
- All the cave art is done by Aborigine migrants on their way to Australia
26
Q
Babirusa Article
What was the discovery of the Sulawesi caves?
Breif history of discovery
A
- First explored by Alfred Wallace with no mention of cave paintings
- Swiss naturalists Fritz and Paul Sarasin returned with vivid accounts of paintings but few specifics
- H.R. van Heereken was the first to report the Maros Pangkep cave art
- Finally, the XI International Speleology Congress recommended that Maros Pangkep be adopted by UNESCO as a World Heritage site
27
Q
Babirusa Article
What was the dating process of the Leang Timpuseng Cave art?
Technique, notable discoveries
A
- Maxime Aubert and Adam Brumm from Griffith University
- Used the uranium decay technique for the calcite covering the drawings in the cave
- This analyses the rate that uranium decays into the thorium in the calcite
- Here, it was found that a handprint found was the oldest handprint found in the world, and the babirusa is the second oldest figurative painting
28
Q
Babirusa Article
What is the significance of the Leang Timpuseng art?
What is known about humans
A
- Previously, it was thought humans developed cultural capacity after migration
- However, these cave paintings at Sulawesi show art that is very similar to that at the other side of the globe
- The most logical explanation for this is that the skills were developed BEFORE leaving Africa
- This is also supported by cave paintings not far from Cape Town
- More cave paintings in Australia can also be expected to be discovered soon
29
Q
Finch Article
What were Darwin’s finches?
Importance, discovery
A
- Charles Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands on the HMS Beagle
- He collected information on the local flora and fauna, including a variety of “finches” (not actual finches) that he killed and brough back
- He enlisted the help of ornithologist John Gould who was surprised about the beak variety of these birds
- These birds were identified to be all different species, 12 out of 14 were new species
- This played a major role in Darwin’s theory of natural selection, as the birds developed different beaks for what they ate around the islands, being isolated and gradually speciating
- He then began to disregard the theories of Jean Baptiste Lamarck
- He explored this is his most famous book, On the Origin of Species
30
Q
Pyramid Article
What was the suggestion to build a pyramid in Detroit?
Who proposed it, reasons it was weird
A
- Engineer E.S. Wheeler proposed building a full scale Great Pyramid of Giza in Detroit
- His reasoning was that we need some fun in our day, and to not analyze things and proposals to closely
- Was meant to be built on Fort Street
- Estimated to cost the equivalent of $926.5 million
- Would have been 485 feet tall and 706 feet on a side
- Optimistically said that if every person in the US able to work a full day worked on it, then one pyramid would take a day and a half, 2 would take 3 days
- That means by that logic, with the current population 2.6 pyramids could be made a day
